Bhagavad Gītā Chapter 10, Verse 39: Krishna to Arjuna — Vibhūti-Yoga

Bhāṣyakāra purports

• Śaṅkaraadvaita

  I am the bīja (seed-cause) of all beings — the germinating ground from which every arising proceeds. No entity, moving or unmoving, could subsist once stripped of Me: stripped of Me it would be hollow, a mere śūnya (void), since I am its very ātman. The entire manifest world is, in its essence, nothing other than Myself.

• Rāmānujaviśiṣṭādvaita

  I am the bīja of all beings in every condition — both the manifest and the unmanifest seed of each state they pass through. The entire moving and unmoving creation exists only because I abide within it as its ātman (inner self); nothing could be without Me as its soul-ground. The prior declaration — 'I am the ātmā dwelling in the heart of all beings' (10.20) — is here restated: sāmānādhikaraṇya (grammatical co-reference of 'I' and the world) points to My ātman-status as the very basis of being.

• Madhvadvaita

  I am the generative seed of all beings, and nothing that exists — moving or unmoving — stands apart from My will and sustaining power. Hari alone is the independent ground; all jīvas (individual souls) and all matter are ontologically distinct from Him yet utterly dependent, unable to exist or act for even a moment without His sanction.

• Vallabhaśuddhādvaita

  What more need be said? Without Me nothing whatsoever exists — and this 'without Me' points not to bare causality but to the fact that all creation is the kārya (effect) of My dual prakṛti (nature): the cit-śakti and the māyā-śakti are both entirely Mine, so their products are entirely Mine, soaked in My presence as prasāda (grace-gift). Every atom is a modulation of Kṛṣṇa's own svarūpa (essential form).

• Śrīdharabhakti

  I am the bīja — the root cause of germination — for all beings. The logical ground is straightforward: no moving or unmoving entity could come to be without Me; therefore I am that foundational seed. The verse gathers all prior vibhūti illustrations into a single devotional recognition: the Lord pervades everything as its very origin.

• Madhusūdanaadvaita-bhakti

  The bīja of all beings is caitanya (pure consciousness) conditioned by māyā as its upādhi (limiting adjunct) — and that caitanya is Myself. No moving or unmoving entity can exist apart from Me, for everything is My kārya (effect). Yet this jñāna-disclosure is simultaneously an act of grace toward Arjuna: Kṛṣṇa, who is both nirguṇa Brahman and the beloved Bhagavān, reveals the non-dual ground precisely in the register of intimate address.