Bhagavad Gītā Chapter 6, Verse 5: Krishna to ArjunaDhyāna-Yoga

Bhagavad Gītā 6.5Chapter 6 · Dhyāna-Yoga · KrishnaArjuna · anuṣṭubh
उद्धरेदात्मनात्मानं नात्मानमवसादयेत्
आत्मैव ह्यात्मनो बन्धुरात्मैव रिपुरात्मनः
uddhud-√dhṛpresent optative 3rd person singular verbto lift up, rescue (ud- + √hṛ)ared ātmanāātman(114 verses)instrumental masculine singular nounthe Self, soul; one's own selfattested in commentariesadvaitaआत्मानं ततः उत् ऊर्ध्वं हरेत् उद्धरेत् योगारूढतामापादयेदित्यर्थःviśiṣṭādvaitaमनसा विषयाननुषक्तेन मनसा आत्मानम् उद्धरेत्bhaktiविवेकयुक्तेनात्मानं संसारादुद्धरेन्नत्ववसादयेदधो न नयेत्advaita-bhaktiविवेकयुक्तेन मनसा आत्मानं स्वं जीवं संसारसमुद्रे निमग्नंtmānana(252 verses)not (negation particle) nātmānam avasādayetava-√sādaypresent optative 3rd person singular verbto bring down, depress (caus. of ava- + √sad)attested in commentariesadvaitaन अधः नयेत् न अधः गमयेत्viśiṣṭādvaita। आत्मा एव मन एव हि आत्मनो बन्धुः तद् एव आत्मनो रिपुः।
ātmaātman(114 verses)genitive masculine singular nounthe Self, soul; one's own selfattested in commentariesadvaitaबन्धुःbhaktiस्वस्य बन्धुरुपकारकः रिपुरपकारकश्चiva hy ātmano bandhubandhu(4 verses)nominative masculine singular nounkinsman, relative (from √bandh 'bind')r ātmaiva ripuripunominative masculine singular nounenemy, foer ātmanaḥātman(114 verses)genitive masculine singular nounthe Self, soul; one's own selfattested in commentariesadvaitaबन्धुःbhaktiस्वस्य बन्धुरुपकारकः रिपुरपकारकश्च
spokensingle-voice recital; rendered via IndicF5 conditioned on a Sanskrit reference clip
meaning

Lift yourself up; do not let yourself sink. The self is its own best friend and its own worst enemy.

Bhāṣyakāra purports

  • Śaṅkaraadvaita

    Śaṅkara reads both ātman-instances as the same non-dual Self: the buddhi-governed manas (ātmanā, instrumental) must haul the jīva-ātman (ātmānam, accusative) out of the ocean of saṃsāra and install it in the state of yoga-ārūḍha. The famous doubling is not two entities but one Self acting as its own lever — since no external bandhu (friend) genuinely liberates, all worldly affection (sneha) itself becomes a fresh fetter. The ripuh (enemy) is equally internal: whatever drags the Self downward is the Self's own unregulated momentum, never an outside agent.

    divergence: saṃsārasāgare nimagnām ātmanā ātmānam uddharet yogārūḍhatām āpādayet — Śaṅkara §6.5

  • Rāmānujaviśiṣṭādvaita

    Rāmānuja identifies ātmanā as manas (mind) in its two possible orientations: when the mind clings to viṣaya (sense-objects) it sinks the jīva — that is the ripuh; when it turns away from viṣaya toward Bhagavān it raises the jīva — that is the bandhu. The jīva and Paramātman are ontologically distinct (viśiṣṭa-advaita — qualified non-duality), so the 'lifting' is not self-subsistent: the mind that lifts is itself a mode (prakāra) of the Lord, acting as His instrument. Kainkarya (service-orientation) is what makes the mind a friend.

    divergence: manas viṣayān anuṣaktena ātmānam uddharet tad-viparītena na avasādayet — Rāmānuja §6.5

  • Madhvadvaita

    Madhva's comment is terse — he flags that yoga-ārohah (the ascent to yoga) requires prayatna (deliberate effort) by the jīva, and that the imperative uddharet points to this effort as the jīva's own task under Hari's sovereignty. The jīva is neither self-sufficient nor identical to Brahman: the 'self that is its own friend' means the jīva that exercises viveka (discrimination) within its permanently subordinate (tāratamya) station assists Hari's grace; the 'self that is its own enemy' is the jīva that collapses that discipline. Brahman is never the referent of ātman here.

    divergence: yogārohah prayatnena kartavyah ity āha uddhared ity ādinā — Madhva §6.5

  • Vallabhaśuddhādvaita

    Vallabha foregrounds the ānuṣañjana (clinging) metaphor: performing karma while refusing to attach oneself to viṣaya (objects) is precisely how ātmā raises ātmānam — there is no external karta (doer), no bandhu, no bāndhava who can do this work. He cites the Bhāgavata (5.5.19): 'One who does not release the surrendered from death is no guru, no kinsman.' The practical upshot for Puṣṭi-mārga is stark — Kṛṣṇa alone grants prasāda (grace) for this ascent; the jīva's 'self-effort' is itself Kṛṣṇa's śakti moving from within, so 'ātmā = friend' ultimately resolves into the ānanda-maya (bliss-constituted) divine nature indwelling the sādhaka.

    divergence: ātmanaiva ātmānam uddharet nāvasādayet; ātmaiva kartā na paro bāndhv-ādir bhavati — Vallabha §6.5; Bhāgavata 5.5.19 cited

  • Śrīdharabhakti

    Śrīdhara reads ātmanā as 'the self endowed with viveka (discernment)': by that discerning faculty the sādhaka is to examine the contrast — mokṣa comes through vairāgya (detachment), bondage through rāgādi (passion-nature) — and then actually abandon rāgādi-svabhāva. The verse functions as an interior forensic audit: manas freed from saṃga (attachment) becomes bandhu; manas seized by saṃga becomes ripuh. Bhakti-inflection appears in the word upakāraka (benefactor) — a devotional register more personal than Śaṅkara's dialectics.

    divergence: ātmanā vivekayuktena ātmānam saṃsārād uddharet; manaḥsaṃgād uparata ātmanaḥ bandhuḥ upakārakaḥ ripuḥ apakārakaḥ — Śrīdhara §6.5

  • Madhusūdanaadvaita-bhakti

    Madhusūdana layers Śaṅkara's structure with a bhakti-affective tonality: the jīva sunk in saṃsāra-samudra (the ocean of saṃsāra) must be hauled upward by viveka-yukta manas — that is the self-as-friend. The self-as-enemy is the self that enters the prison-house of viṣaya-bandhana (sense-bondage) and spins silk around itself like a kośakāra (silkworm). The synthesis is precise: even worldly bandhu (relative) becomes a fresh bondage through sneha-anubandha; Kṛṣṇa-bhakti is what converts manas from silkworm into rescuer, because bhakti is the viveka that actually works.

    divergence: ātmā viṣayabandhana-āgāra-praveśāt kośakāra iva ātmanaḥ ripuḥ — Madhusūdana §6.5

Sūtrakṛt-Gītā · v1.0 · gita.ekrasworks.com