Bhagavad Gītā Chapter 5, Verse 11: Krishna to Arjuna — Karma-Sannyāsa-Yoga
Yogins act through body, mind, intellect, and senses as bare instruments, without claiming ownership of the results, and so purify themselves.
Bhāṣyakāra purports
- Śaṅkaraadvaita
Yogins act through body, mind, intellect, and the sense faculties — each stripped of the possessive sense (mamata, self-ownership) — as instruments for Īśvara alone, not for personal fruit. Śaṅkara's gloss insists the qualifier 'merely' (kevala) attaches to every instrument individually: every act is performed as 'I act for the Lord, not for my benefit.' This renunciation of fruit-ownership purifies the inner organ (sattva-śuddhi), clearing the way for the dawn of self-knowledge.
- Rāmānujaviśiṣṭādvaita
The yogin employs body, mind, intellect, and the senses together in action oriented to Bhagavān, relinquishing all attachment to results such as heavenly worlds (svarga). Rāmānuja reads 'ātma-viśuddhi' as the destruction of the accumulated bondage of prior karma (prācīna-karma-bandhana-vināśa) that encrusts the jīvātman. Karma so performed is not mere ethics but the steady removal of the veil obscuring the soul's natural luminosity as a mode of Brahman.
- Madhvadvaita
Madhva's bhāṣya on this verse is sparse ('kāyena iti' — thus is the conduct described), offering only a pointer to the verse rather than extended gloss. On Dvaita principles the verse establishes that the eternally dependent jīva employs its God-given instruments — body, mind, intellect, senses — as servants of Hari, surrendering all proprietary claim to fruit. Action purifies by aligning the finite will with the sovereign will of the Lord.
- Vallabhaśuddhādvaita
Vallabha cites this verse as scriptural warrant for the conduct of the devotionally established (sadācāra): devotees like Nārada perform through body postures (āsana, etc.), mental contemplation (dhyāna), discerning intellect, and senses free of self-investment — activities of listening (śravaṇa), seeing (darśana), and singing praise (kīrtana) — relinquishing attachment for the sake of the soul's equanimity (samatva). He draws the contrast explicitly: the Sāṅkhya school holds that action should be abandoned; the yogin school holds that action must be performed — and this verse settles the question in favor of engaged, attachment-free service.
- Śrīdharabhakti
Śrīdhara frames the verse as showing, through virtuous conduct (sadācāra), that karma is not merely non-binding but is itself the cause of liberation (mokṣa-hetu). The yogin's instruments — body for ablution and ritual (snānādi), intellect for resolving truth (tattva-niścaya), senses entirely free from compulsive attachment to action — are used in the works of hearing and glorifying the Lord (śravaṇa-kīrtana). The whole is aimed at purification of the mind-field (citta-śuddhi), which opens the door to final release.
- Madhusūdanaadvaita-bhakti
Madhusūdana unpacks the verse as an elaboration of what was just said: yogins act through body, mind, intellect, and senses — the adjective 'merely' (kevala) qualifying all of them simultaneously — having abandoned attachment to results. He aligns precisely with Śaṅkara's gloss: the instruments are 'devoid of the sense of mine' (mamata-śūnya) because the inward orientation is 'I act for the Lord alone, not for my fruit.' The purpose is purification of the mind's sattva (citta-sattva-śuddhi), from which Kṛṣṇa-bhakti flowers naturally.