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Ch 15 · Puruṣottama-Yoga
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Bhagavad Gītā Chapter 15, Verse 20: Krishna to Arjuna — Puruṣottama-Yoga

Bhagavad Gītā 15.20Chapter 15 · Puruṣottama-Yoga · Krishna → Arjuna · Bhārata · anuṣṭubh
इति गुह्यतमं शास्त्रमिदमुक्तं मयानघ ।
एतद् बुद्ध्वा बुद्धिमान् स्यात् कृतकृत्यश् च भारत ॥
iti← iti(73 verses)thus (quotative particle) guhyatamaṃ← guhyatama(3 verses)nominative neuter singular noun(guhya + -tama: secret) śāstram← śāstra(7 verses)nominative neuter singular nounscripture, treatise, authoritative teachingattested in commentariesadvaita। यद्यपि गीताख्यं समस्तम् शास्त्रम् उच्यते, तथापि अयमेव अध्यायः इह शास्त्रम् इति उच्यते स्तुत्यर्थं प्रकरणात्। सर्वो हिviśiṣṭādvaitaइति।मया वक्तव्यतत्त्ववेदिना, त्वदधिकारवेदिना, तव सख्या चेत्यर्थः। प्रागुक्तशास्त्रानुवादताभ्रमव्युदासायाहतवोक्तमिति।सा idam← idam(122 verses)nominative neuter singular nounthis (proximal demonstrative) uktaṃ← √vac(62 verses)nominative neuter singular participle nounto speak (verbal root) mayā← mad(383 verses)instrumental singular nounI, me (1st person pronoun stem); also: to rejoice (verbal root)nagha
etad buddhvā← budh(5 verses)convto wake, be aware (verbal root)attested in commentariesadvaitaबुद्धिमान् स्यात् भवेत् न अन्यथा कृतकृत्यश्च भारत कृतं कृत्यं कर्तव्यं येन सः कृतकृत्यः विशिष्टजन्मप्रसूतेन ब्राह्मणेनviśiṣṭādvaitaबुद्धिमान् स्यात् कृतकृत्यःbhaktiबुद्धिमान् सम्यग्ज्ञानी कृतकृत्यश्च स्याद्योऽपि कोऽपि buddhimān← buddhimat(3 verses)nominative masculine singular noun(buddhi + -mat: intellect)attested in commentariesadvaitaस्यात् भवेत् न अन्यथा कृतकृत्यश्च भारत कृतं कृत्यं कर्तव्यं येन सः कृतकृत्यः विशिष्टजन्मप्रसूतेन ब्राह्मणेनviśiṣṭādvaitaस्यात् कृतकृत्यःśuddhādvaita,शास्त्रतात्पर्यज्ञानवान् कृतकृत्यश्च स्यात् योऽपि कोऽपिbhaktiसम्यग्ज्ञानी कृतकृत्यश्च स्याद्योऽपि कोऽपि syāt← √as(100 verses)present optative 3rd person singular verbto be (verbal root)attested in commentariesadvaitaभवेत् न अन्यथा कृतकृत्यश्च भारत कृतं कृत्यं कर्तव्यं येन सः कृतकृत्यः विशिष्टजन्मप्रसूतेन ब्राह्मणेनviśiṣṭādvaitaकृतकृत्यःśuddhādvaitaयोऽपि कोऽपि kṛta← √kṛ(35 verses)compound participle (compound member)to do, make (verbal root)-kṛtya← kṛtyānominative masculine singular noundeed, act; magic spell (from √kṛ)ś ca← ca(391 verses)and; (homonym: also the consonant ca) bhārata← bhārata(22 verses)vocative masculine singular noundescendant of Bharata; epithet of Arjunaattested in commentariesadvaitaकृतं कृत्यं कर्तव्यं येन सः कृतकृत्यः विशिष्टजन्मप्रसूतेन ब्राह्मणेनśuddhādvaitaत्वं कृतकृत्योऽसीति किमु वक्तव्यम् इति भावःbhakti, त्वं कृतकृत्योसीति किं वक्तव्यमिति भावःadvaita-bhakti, त्वं तु महाकुलप्रसूतः स्वयं
spokensingle-voice recital; rendered via IndicF5 conditioned on a Sanskrit reference clip
meaning

This most secret scripture I have now spoken in full, O sinless one; understand it and you become truly wise, with every duty fulfilled.

Bhāṣyakāra purports

  • Śaṅkaraadvaita

    This most secret shastra (scripture) — secret above all secrets — has now been fully spoken by Me, O sinless one (anagha): the whole meaning of the Gita, and indeed the whole purport of the Veda, is brought to completion in this single chapter. One who understands this teaching becomes truly wise (buddhiman), for all action (karma) culminates in knowledge (jnana), as declared in 4.33. That brahmana (one born into the requisite adhikara) who knows the supreme reality has thereby accomplished every obligatory duty; no further kartavya (what must be done) remains, for no duty is ever finally discharged except through this knowledge.

    divergence: Shankara: ‘sarvah hi gitashastrarthah asmin adhyaye samasena uktah... sarva-karma-akhilam partha jnane parisamapyate' — all of the Gita's meaning is condensed here; all action terminates in knowledge.

  • Rāmānujaviśiṣṭādvaita

    The teaching of My Purushottama-nature — the innermost of all secrets — has been spoken to you precisely because you, Arjuna, are sinless and therefore most qualified (yogyatama) to receive it. One who truly understands this becomes wise: every intellective capacity (buddhi) needed by one who seeks to attain Me is thereby fully acquired, and every duty he was to perform is thereby accomplished — not through mere ritualistic completion but through right knowledge of the Lord. Significantly, it is shastra-born knowledge alone, not direct unmediated vision (sakshatkara), that produces this total fruition.

    divergence: Ramanuja: ‘mam prepsuna upadeyaa ya buddhih sa sarva upaatta syat... shastrajanyam eva etat sarvam karoti na tu sakshatkararupam' — scripture-born knowledge, not mystical vision, accomplishes everything.

  • Madhvadvaita

    Reconstructed from the dvaita school's doctrine, not translated from Madhva's commentary at this verse.

    iti guhyatamaṃ śāstram idam uktaṃ mayānagha — Kṛṣṇa seals Chapter 15 by naming its teaching the most secret of all scriptures: that He, Puruṣottama, stands absolutely above kṣara (the perishable) and akṣara (the imperishable), and that this supremacy is not a speculative inference but a revealed śāstra-truth directly disclosed. etad buddhvā buddhimān syāt — to grasp this is itself the mark of true buddhi; the one who understands that the jīva is irrevocably paratantra (eternally dependent) on the svatantra (the independently real, self-sufficient) Hari, and that Lord–jīva bheda (real distinction) is not dissolved but confirmed at the chapter's summit, becomes buddhimān. kṛta-kṛtyaś ca — such a one is kṛta-kṛtya, all obligation fulfilled: because bhakti (devotion) as ontological subordination to Hari is the terminus of every prescribed duty. The pañca-bheda (the five-fold real distinction: Lord–jīva, Lord–matter, jīva–jīva, jīva–matter, matter–matter) persists even after liberation; knowing Hari's sarvottamatva does not dissolve the knower into the known but secures the jīva‘s eternal dependence as its very perfection. The address anagha (O sinless one) is not ornamental: only the jīva purified of doṣa can receive and hold the weight of this most secret disclosure.

    divergence: Madhva and Jayatīrtha are silent on BG 15.20. The rendering draws the school's siddhānta from Madhva's bhāṣya on BG 15.16–18 (the three-fold puruṣa doctrine and Puruṣottama-sarvottamatva) and the consistent dvaita insistence that kṛta-kṛtya means completion-in-bhakti, not liberation-as-dissolution.

  • Vallabhaśuddhādvaita

    The shastra of Purushottama-yoga — most secret of all because it is the very essence of all Vedanta — has been spoken by Me, the Purushottama who is the maker and the known end of all Vedanta, to you who are qualified by your sinlessness. Whoever understands this becomes wise in the true purport of this shastra and becomes krita-kritya (one who has accomplished all that was to be accomplished) — and you, Arjuna, O descendant of Bharata, are already such a one: what more need be said?

    divergence: Vallabha: ‘purushottamayogakam shastram sarvavedantasaratvad guhyatamam... tadbuddhva buddhiman shastratparyajnanavaan kritakrityash ca syat' — understanding the purport of Purushottama-yoga confers total fulfillment.

  • Śrīdharabhakti

    In this manner, the entire shastra — not merely this chapter of twenty verses — which is most secret and supremely profound, has been spoken by Me. O sinless one (anagha, free from all vice): whoever understands this, even any person whatsoever, becomes a true knower (samyag-jnani) and krita-kritya. As for you, O descendant of Bharata — you who are free from vice — you are already krita-kritya: this is the implication.

    divergence: Sridhara: ‘ityanenaprakarena guhyatamam atirahasyam sampurnam shastraeva mayoktam na punar vimshatishlokam adhyayamatram' — the whole shastra is declared here, not merely the twenty-verse chapter.

  • Madhusūdanaadvaita-bhakti

    Now, praising the chapter's meaning as he concludes: this entire shastra — most secret of secrets — has been briefly stated in this chapter by Me. O sinless one (avyasana, free from addiction), whoever understands this, any person, becomes a true knower of the Atman (atmajnanavant) and krita-kritya — one for whom no further duty remains. The Advaita logic holds: all duty for a brahmana born into proper station is fulfilled the moment the Lord's reality is known; no duty concludes any other way. You, O Bharata, born of great lineage and yourself free of vice, will certainly be krita-kritya upon understanding this — need it even be said?

    divergence: Madhusudana: ‘kritam sarvam krityam yena na punah krityantaram yasyasti sa kritakrityah... vishishtajanmaprasutena brahmanena yat kartavyam tat sarvam bhagavatattve vidite kritam bhavet' — duty is fulfilled through knowing the divine reality, not through ritual completion.

Sūtrakṛt-Gītā · v1.0 · gita.ekrasworks.com