{
 "verse_id": "9.32",
 "mūla": {
  "devanāgarī": "मां हि पार्थ व्यपाश्रित्य ये ऽपि स्युः पाप-योनयः | स्त्रियो वैश्यास् तथा शूद्रास् ते ऽपि यान्ति परां गतिम्",
  "iast": "māṃ hi pārtha vyapāśritya ye 'pi syuḥ pāpa-yonayaḥ | striyo vaiśyās tathā śūdrās te 'pi yānti parāṃ gatim",
  "chapter_position": "Chapter 9 (Rāja-Vidyā-Rāja-Guhya-Yoga (The Yoga of Royal Knowledge and Royal Mystery)), verse 32",
  "speaker": "Krishna",
  "addressed_to": "Arjuna"
 },
 "word_by_word": [
  {
   "surface_form": "mām",
   "lemma": "mad",
   "grammar": "accusative singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "माम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "hi",
   "lemma": "hi",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "हि"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "pārtha",
   "lemma": "pārtha",
   "grammar": "vocative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "व्यपाश्रित्य माम् आश्रयत्वेन गृहीत्वा येऽपि स्युः भवेयुः पापयोनयः पापा योनिः येषां ते पापयोनयः पापजन्मानः",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": ", मां व्यपाश्रित्य शरणमागत्य येऽपि स्युः पापयोनयोऽन्त्यजास्तिर्यञ्चो वा जातिदोषेण दुष्टाः, तथा वेदाध्ययनादिशून्यतया निकृ",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "पार्थ"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "vyapāśritya",
   "lemma": "vyapāśri",
   "grammar": "conv",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "माम् आश्रयत्वेन गृहीत्वा येऽपि स्युः भवेयुः पापयोनयः पापा योनिः येषां ते पापयोनयः पापजन्मानः",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "परां गतिं यान्ति",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "संसेव्य परां गतिं यान्ति",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "शरणमागत्य येऽपि स्युः पापयोनयोऽन्त्यजास्तिर्यञ्चो वा जातिदोषेण दुष्टाः, तथा वेदाध्ययनादिशून्यतया निकृष्टाः स्त्रियो वैश",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "व्यपाश्रित्य"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "ye",
   "lemma": "yad",
   "grammar": "nominative masculine plural noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "ये"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "api",
   "lemma": "api",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "अपि"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "syuḥ",
   "lemma": "√as",
   "grammar": "present optative 3rd person plural verb",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "भवेयुः पापयोनयः पापा योनिः येषां ते पापयोनयः पापजन्मानः",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "निकृष्टजन्मानोऽन्त्यजादयो भवेयुः, येऽपि वैश्याः केवलं कृष्यादिनिरताः, स्त्रियः, शूद्रादयश्चाध्ययनादिरहिताः, तेऽपि मां व",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "पापयोनयोऽन्त्यजास्तिर्यञ्चो वा जातिदोषेण दुष्टाः, तथा वेदाध्ययनादिशून्यतया निकृष्टाः स्त्रियो वैश्याः कृष्यादिमात्ररताः",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "स्युः"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "pāpa",
   "lemma": "pāpa",
   "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "पाप"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "yonayaḥ",
   "lemma": "yoni",
   "grammar": "nominative masculine plural noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "योनयः"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "striyaḥ",
   "lemma": "strī",
   "grammar": "nominative feminine plural noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "स्त्रियः"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "vaiśyāḥ",
   "lemma": "vaiśyā",
   "grammar": "nominative feminine plural noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "वैश्याः"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "tathā",
   "lemma": "tathā",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "तथा"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "śūdrāḥ",
   "lemma": "śūdra",
   "grammar": "nominative masculine plural noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "शूद्राः"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "te",
   "lemma": "tad",
   "grammar": "nominative masculine plural noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "ते"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "api",
   "lemma": "api",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "अपि"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "yānti",
   "lemma": "√yā",
   "grammar": "present indicative 3rd person plural verb",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "गच्छन्ति परां प्रकृष्टां गतिम्",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "। अत्र याताश्च केचिद्यान्तीति भावेन वर्त्तमान उक्तः।",
     "school": "śuddhādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "vallabha"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "। हि निश्चितम्।",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "परां गतिं",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "यान्ति"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "parām",
   "lemma": "para",
   "grammar": "accusative feminine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "पराम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "gatim",
   "lemma": "gati",
   "grammar": "accusative feminine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "गतिम्"
  }
 ],
 "intertextual_panel": [
  {
   "verse": "4.11",
   "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel",
   "score": 0.8964,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8364,
    "theme_graph": 1.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 10.0711,
    "stem_prefix": 5.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "9.20",
   "type": "lemma-family resonance",
   "score": 0.8944,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8444,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 10.9364,
    "stem_prefix": 5.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "7.30",
   "type": "lemma-family resonance",
   "score": 0.8933,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8433,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 9.0539,
    "stem_prefix": 5.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "16.20",
   "type": "lemma-family resonance",
   "score": 0.8929,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8429,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 12.8018,
    "stem_prefix": 5.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "7.10",
   "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel",
   "score": 0.8899,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8299,
    "theme_graph": 1.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 10.2781,
    "stem_prefix": 5.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "12.2",
   "type": "lemma-family resonance",
   "score": 0.8879,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8379,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 11.4303,
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   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "1.36",
   "type": "lemma-family resonance",
   "score": 0.8873,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8373,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 11.9746,
    "stem_prefix": 5.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "10.3",
   "type": "shared-vocabulary echo",
   "score": 0.8871,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8471,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
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    "lemma_overlap": 7.0508,
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   }
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 ],
 "doctrinal_projections": {
  "advaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "shankara_9.32",
    "anandgiri_9.32"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Śaṅkara reads 'vyapāśritya' (having taken refuge) as the sole operative condition: whatever the birth-condition (pāpa-yoni, literally 'those whose birth-source is inauspicious'), if one takes the Lord as āśraya (support), the obstruction dissolves. The categories — women, vaiśyas, śūdras — are cited not to celebrate them but to mark that even those excluded from Vedic adhikāra (qualification) can attain the parā gati (highest state), because jñāna is ultimately the means and the Lord here stands as its gateway. Birth-bound disqualification yields before the discipline of refuge.",
   "divergence_note": "Śaṅkara's bhāṣya: 'māṃ āśrayatvena gṛhītvā… pāpajānmānaḥ… te'pi yānti parāṃ gatiṃ' — the pivot is āśrayatva, not birth."
  },
  "viśiṣṭādvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "ramanuja_9.32",
    "vedantadeshika_9.32"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Rāmānuja reads the verse as a declaration of universal accessibility to Bhagavān's grace: pāpa-yonayaḥ, strī, vaiśya, śūdra — all attain the parā gati simply by taking refuge (vyapāśritya) in the Lord who is the inner controller of all. Birth-category creates no permanent barrier because Bhagavān's kāruṇya (compassion) is not metered by varṇa; the qualifying act is the whole-hearted surrender of the self (ātma-nivedana) to Nārāyaṇa as the sole refuge. Parā gati here means Vaikuṇṭha, eternal kainkarya in the divine presence.",
   "divergence_note": "Rāmānuja's brief bhāṣya confirms the plain import: 'striyaḥ vaiśyāḥ śūdrāś ca pāpayonayaḥ api māṃ vyapāśritya parāṃ gatiṃ yānti.'"
  },
  "dvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "madhva_9.32",
    "jayatirtha_9.32"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Madhva left no direct commentary on this śloka. Within Dvaita principles, however, the verse confirms that parā gati — the direct vision of Hari in His full svarūpa — is accessible to all qualified jīvas regardless of birth, because eligibility is determined by Hari's svātantrya (absolute independence) and the jīva's ananyabhakti (exclusive devotion), not by social category. The eternal hierarchy of jīvas means not all will in fact attain liberation, but no birth-class is categorically excluded from the path of dependent worship."
  },
  "śuddhādvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "vallabha_9.32"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Vallabha opens with 'sarvoddharakatva' — the Lord's nature as lifter of all — and expands the verse into the theology of kevala-bhāva (pure feeling-attachment alone). The pāpa-yonayaḥ are identified with Pūtanā and the gopīs of Vraja: women who had none of the standard sādhana qualifications (no Vedic study, no guru-vāsa, no tapas, no ātma-mīmāṃsā, no ritual purity) yet attained the Lord by bhāva-mātra (feeling alone). Vaiśyas are the Tulādhāra-type merchants of the Mahābhārata or the Nanda-gopas; śūdras include Vidura's lineage and hīna-jātis such as Hūṇa, Yavana, Śabara, and Puliṇḍa. All, by any mode of āśraya directed toward Kṛṣṇa as vātsalya-jaladhi (ocean of parental love), attain the parā gati — and Vallabha notes: some have already gone, some are going (present tense of 'yānti' is deliberate).",
   "divergence_note": "Vallabha's bhāṣya: 'sarvottārakatvaṃ evāha… kevalaiva bhāvena gopyaḥ… yeṇa keṇacid bhāvenāśritya… parāṃ gatiṃ yānti. Atra yātāś ca kecid yāntīti bhāvena vartamāna uktaḥ.'"
  },
  "bhakti": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "sridhara_9.32"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Śrīdhara frames the verse as answering a tacit objection: if even those fallen from proper conduct are purified by bhakti, what wonder then that pāpa-yonayaḥ — those of low birth who never had access to Vedic study or ritual — are also liberated? The verse covers three overlapping disqualifications: birth-impurity (pāpa-yoni, lowest-born, antya-ja), occupational limitation (vaiśyas absorbed entirely in agriculture and trade), and category exclusion from adhyayana (women, śūdras). All three classes, by 'vyapāśritya māṃ' — taking steady resort in the Lord through service (saṃsevya) — attain the parā gati. 'Hi' is glossed as 'niścitam': this is certain, not conditional.",
   "divergence_note": "Śrīdhara: 'mad-bhaktir duṣkulān apy anadhikāriṇo'pi saṃsārān mocayatīty āha… māṃ vyapāśritya saṃsevya parāṃ gatiṃ yānti. hi niścitam.'"
  },
  "advaita-bhakti": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "madhusudan_9.32"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Madhusūdana distinguishes between āgantu-doṣa (acquired or incidental defect, covered in prior verses) and svābhāvika-doṣa (constitutional defect, defect by nature of birth) — the present verse addresses the latter and harder case. Pāpa-yonayaḥ here includes antya-jas and tiryañcas (animals), those polluted by jāti-doṣa (birth-defect) itself. Women and vaiśyas suffer the dual disability of birth-category and absence of Vedic study; śūdras are doubly disqualified by birth and by structural exclusion from adhyayana. Even all these, by taking full śaraṇāgati (refuge-taking) in the Lord, attain parā gati — and the 'api-śabda' (the particle 'api', even) explicitly loops back to include the duraācāras (the morally fallen) mentioned in prior verses. Bhakti dissolves both kinds of disqualification simultaneously.",
   "divergence_note": "Madhusūdana: 'svābhāviakadoṣaduṣṭānām api… māṃ vyapāśritya śaraṇam āgatya… parāṃ gatiṃ yānti. api-śabdāt prāgukta-durācārā api.'"
  }
 },
 "prosodic_information": {
  "meter": "anuṣṭubh",
  "meter_shift_from_previous": false,
  "meter_shift_to_next": false,
  "pragmatic_context": {
   "vocative": "Pārtha",
   "preceding_question": "",
   "following_response": ""
  }
 },
 "theme_list_memberships": [
  {
   "list": "पापयोनयः",
   "role": "supporting",
   "other_verses_in_list": [
    "9.33"
   ]
  },
  {
   "list": "पार्थ",
   "role": "supporting",
   "other_verses_in_list": [
    "1.25",
    "1.26",
    "1.28",
    "1.29",
    "1.30",
    "2.3",
    "2.21",
    "2.32",
    "2.39",
    "2.42",
    "2.55",
    "2.72",
    "3.16",
    "3.22",
    "3.23",
    "4.11",
    "4.33",
    "6.40",
    "7.1",
    "7.10",
    "8.8",
    "8.14",
    "8.19",
    "8.22",
    "8.27",
    "9.13",
    "10.11",
    "10.24",
    "11.5",
    "11.9",
    "12.7",
    "16.4",
    "16.5",
    "16.6",
    "17.26",
    "17.28",
    "18.6",
    "18.30",
    "18.31",
    "18.32",
    "18.33",
    "18.34",
    "18.35",
    "18.72",
    "18.74",
    "18.78"
   ]
  },
  {
   "list": "स्त्रियः",
   "role": "supporting",
   "other_verses_in_list": [
    "1.41",
    "9.33"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "audit_trail": {
  "substrate_version": "v2.6-frozen",
  "fitted_weights": {
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   "b": 0.01,
   "e_v": 0.005,
   "z": 0.2,
   "h": 0.0,
   "th": 0.01
  },
  "corpus_provenance": {
   "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness",
   "panel_witnesses": [
    "bg-mula",
    "bg-shankara",
    "bg-ramanuja",
    "bg-madhva",
    "bg-vedantadeshika",
    "bg-vallabha",
    "bg-jayatirtha",
    "bg-anandgiri",
    "bg-sridhara",
    "bg-madhusudan"
   ]
  },
  "extraction_date": "2026-04-21",
  "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B",
  "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)",
  "post_generation_repairs": [
   {
    "date": "2026-05-03",
    "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (broader heuristic: prefix-√root canonical for all verb-tagged tokens)",
    "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma",
    "loci": [
     "syuḥ: as -> √as",
     "yānti: yā -> √yā"
    ]
   },
   {
    "kind": "qmark_artifact_repair",
    "applied_at": "2026-05-08T01:56:15.086412Z",
    "applied_by": "summon-web/scripts/repair_qmark_artifacts.py",
    "n_senses_repaired": 4,
    "substitution": "? -> ,",
    "root_cause": "ITRANS '\\,' (literal-comma escape) in sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx corrupted to '?' during upstream HTML pipeline at gitasupersite; propagated through h_c_panel/commentaries/bg_*.jsonl into substrate.",
    "verification_source": "sonos-paper/samvad_db/sources/sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx"
   }
  ]
 },
 "so_what_questions": [
  "The verse lists pāpa-yoni, strī, vaiśya, śūdra as a single group of the spiritually underqualified — what does it mean for a text to treat social exclusion and low birth as structurally equivalent obstacles, and who gets to decide which category a person falls into?",
  "Vyapāśritya (taking refuge) is the sole stated condition — is this a democratization of access or a restatement of hierarchy under a different gate, since 'taking refuge' still requires someone to recognize oneself as eligible to approach?",
  "Śaṅkara, Vallabha, and Madhusūdana each expand the pāpa-yoni category differently (jñāna-obstacle, gopī-bhāva, tiryañca) — what does the divergence reveal about whose liberation each school is actually theorizing?",
  "Vallabha explicitly names Pūtanā among the 'strī' who attain liberation through bhāva alone — is a demoness's liberation a feature of Puṣṭi theology's universalism or its collapse of moral categories into devotional intensity?",
  "If 'parā gati' means Vaikuṇṭha for Rāmānuja and non-dual jñāna-liberation for Śaṅkara, are the six schools actually promising the same thing to the same people, or six distinct promises about six distinct outcomes?",
  "The verse is frequently cited as the Gītā's inclusivity proof-text — but it is spoken by Kṛṣṇa to Arjuna, a Kṣatriya male; what is the rhetorical function of citing the spiritually marginal to a member of the spiritually privileged?",
  "Madhusūdana's distinction between āgantu-doṣa and svābhāvika-doṣa implies that constitutional defect is harder to dissolve than acquired defect — does this framing reinforce or undermine the verse's radical claim?"
 ],
 "everyday_applications": {
  "advaita": "When you feel that your background, past actions, or social position disqualify you from serious philosophical inquiry or contemplative practice — recognize that Śaṅkara's reading puts āśrayatva (the act of taking the teaching as your support) as the only prerequisite. The door to self-inquiry does not require prior credentials; it requires the turning of attention itself.",
  "viśiṣṭādvaita": "In workplace or family situations where you feel structurally overlooked — wrong background, wrong credentials, wrong connections — Rāmānuja's teaching points to a relationship that is not mediated by hierarchy: direct resort to Bhagavān as inner controller is available precisely when external access is blocked. The practice is whole-hearted surrender, not accumulation of qualifications.",
  "dvaita": "Dvaita's insistence on Hari's svātantrya means that no gate-keeper can permanently bar a jīva from the path of dependent worship. If you have been told by institutional religion, by family, or by caste-memory that liberation is not for you, Madhva's framework says the decision belongs entirely to Hari — and Hari's criterion is ananyabhakti, not birth-record.",
  "śuddhādvaita": "Vallabha's gopī-model has a direct everyday implication: the women of Vraja had none of the formal qualifications and were not trying to acquire them — they were simply absorbed in Kṛṣṇa by feeling. If you find yourself outside all institutional religious structures but feel an unmediated pull toward the sacred, Puṣṭi-mārga names that feeling (bhāva-mātra) as itself sufficient. You do not need to enter the gate; you are already inside.",
  "bhakti": "Śrīdhara's 'niścitam' (this is certain) is a direct address to doubt. For anyone who has been told — by their community, their family, their own internalized hierarchy — that they are too compromised, too uneducated, too marginal for the highest aspiration: the teaching is not 'perhaps' or 'with effort' but 'certainly.' Consistent resort to the Lord through whatever service is available is the complete path.",
  "advaita-bhakti": "Madhusūdana's inclusion of tiryañcas (animals) in pāpa-yoni — and his 'api-śabda' that reaches back to the morally fallen in prior verses — creates the widest possible net. For someone carrying both social stigma and genuine moral failure, this reading holds that śaraṇāgati (full refuge-taking) dissolves both simultaneously: there is no sequence in which you must first repair the moral fault before you can approach. The approach itself is the repair."
 },
 "primary_meaning": "Even those born of inauspicious lineage, women, merchants, and laborers, reach the highest state by taking refuge in me."
}