{
 "verse_id": "9.23",
 "mūla": {
  "devanāgarī": "ये ऽप्य् अन्य-देवता-भक्ता यजन्ते श्रद्धयान्विताः | ते ऽपि माम् एव कौन्तेय यजन्त्य् अविधि-पूर्वकम्",
  "iast": "ye 'py anya-devatā-bhaktā yajante śraddhayānvitāḥ | te 'pi mām eva kaunteya yajanty avidhi-pūrvakam",
  "chapter_position": "Chapter 9 (Rāja-Vidyā-Rāja-Guhya-Yoga (The Yoga of Royal Knowledge and Royal Mystery)), verse 23",
  "speaker": "Krishna",
  "addressed_to": "Arjuna"
 },
 "word_by_word": [
  {
   "surface_form": "ye",
   "lemma": "yad",
   "grammar": "nominative masculine plural noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "ये"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "api",
   "lemma": "api",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "अपि"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "anya",
   "lemma": "anya",
   "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "अन्य"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "devatā",
   "lemma": "devatā",
   "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "देवता"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "bhaktāḥ",
   "lemma": "bhakta",
   "grammar": "nominative masculine plural noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "भक्ताः"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "yajante",
   "lemma": "√yaj",
   "grammar": "present indicative 3rd person plural verb",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "पूजयन्ति श्रद्धया आस्तिक्यबुद्ध्या अन्विताः अनुगताः, तेऽपि मामेव कौन्तेय यजन्ति अविधिपूर्वकम् अविधिः अज्ञानं तत्पूर्वकं",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": ", तेऽपि पूर्वोक्तेन न्यायेन सर्वस्य मच्छरीरतया मदात्मत्वेन इन्द्रादिशब्दानां",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "। अपित्वविधिपूर्वकं तेषामात्मभूतमधिष्ठानताज्ञानपूर्वकं यजनं वेदे विहितम् इतरथा त्वविहितमित्यविधिपूर्वकं ते यजन्ते ततो गत",
     "school": "śuddhādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "vallabha"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "तेऽपि मामेव यजन्तीति सत्यम्, किंत्वविधिपूर्वकं मोक्षप्रापकं विधिं विना यजन्त्यतस्ते पुनरावर्तन्ते",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "ज्योतिष्टोमादिभिः श्रद्धया आस्तिक्यबुद्ध्या अन्विताः तेऽपि मद्भक्ता",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "यजन्ते"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "śraddhayā",
   "lemma": "śraddhā",
   "grammar": "instrumental feminine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "आस्तिक्यबुद्ध्या अन्विताः अनुगताः, तेऽपि मामेव कौन्तेय यजन्ति अविधिपूर्वकम् अविधिः अज्ञानं तत्पूर्वकं यजन्ते इत्यर्थः",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "अन्विताः इन्द्रादीन् यजन्ते, तेऽपि पूर्वोक्तेन न्यायेन सर्वस्य मच्छरीरतया मदात्मत्वेन इन्द्रादिशब्दानां",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "युक्ताः सन्तः पूजयन्ति तेऽपि रव्यादिषु मामेव ब्रह्म ध्यात्वा यजन्ति",
     "school": "śuddhādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "vallabha"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "आस्तिक्यबुद्ध्या अन्विताः तेऽपि मद्भक्ता",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "श्रद्धया"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "anvitāḥ",
   "lemma": "anvita",
   "grammar": "nominative masculine plural noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "अन्विताः"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "te",
   "lemma": "tad",
   "grammar": "nominative masculine plural noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "ते"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "api",
   "lemma": "api",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "अपि"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "mām",
   "lemma": "mad",
   "grammar": "accusative singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "माम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "eva",
   "lemma": "eva",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "एव"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "kaunteya",
   "lemma": "kaunteya",
   "grammar": "vocative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "यजन्ति अविधिपूर्वकम् अविधिः अज्ञानं तत्पूर्वकं यजन्ते इत्यर्थः",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": ", तत्तद्देवतारूपेण स्थितं मामेव यजन्ति पूजयन्ति",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "कौन्तेय"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "yajanti",
   "lemma": "√yaj",
   "grammar": "present indicative 3rd person plural verb",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "यजन्ति"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "avidhi",
   "lemma": "avidhi",
   "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "अविधि"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "pūrvakam",
   "lemma": "pūrvaka",
   "grammar": "accusative neuter singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "पूर्वकम्"
  }
 ],
 "intertextual_panel": [
  {
   "verse": "3.31",
   "type": "lemma-family resonance",
   "score": 0.8997,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8397,
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  },
  {
   "verse": "10.10",
   "type": "lemma-family resonance",
   "score": 0.8915,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8415,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
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  },
  {
   "verse": "7.30",
   "type": "lemma-family resonance",
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   "verse": "9.30",
   "type": "lemma-family resonance",
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  },
  {
   "verse": "18.68",
   "type": "lemma-family resonance",
   "score": 0.8884,
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  {
   "verse": "12.2",
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 ],
 "doctrinal_projections": {
  "advaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "shankara_9.23",
    "anandgiri_9.23"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Those who worship other deities (anya-devatā) with faith (śraddhā) do in fact worship Me alone — yet they do so through ignorance (avidyā), not through correct understanding (vidhi). Śaṅkara reads 'avidhipūrvakam' as 'avidhi = ajñāna': the worshipper does not know that the deity he approaches is non-different from the one Brahman. Because the knowledge-gate (jñāna-dvāra) has not been entered, the fruit is limited and subject to return.",
   "divergence_note": "Śaṅkara: 'avidhi ajñānaṃ tatpūrvakaṃ yajante ity arthaḥ' — they worship preceded by ignorance."
  },
  "viśiṣṭādvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "ramanuja_9.23",
    "vedantadeshika_9.23"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "All deities (Indra and the rest) exist as the body (śarīra) of the Supreme Person (Paramapuruṣa); their names therefore denote (vacitva) Him. Worshippers of Indra etc. do worship Me in truth — but 'avidhipūrvakam' means they do not know through Vedānta-vākyas that these deities are His body and He is their inner Self (ātman). The Taittirīya Āraṇyaka passage 'catuhotāro yatra sampadaṃ gacchanti devaiḥ' confirms that ritual action reaches the Paramātman through the devas as His limbs; those ignorant of this śarīra-śarīrin (body-soul) relation obtain only limited, lapsing (cyavana-svabhāva) fruit.",
   "divergence_note": "Rāmānuja: 'sarvasyā maccharīratayā madātmatvena indrādīśabdānāṃ ca madvācitāt vastuto mām eva yajante, api tu avidhipūrvakam.'"
  },
  "dvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "madhva_9.23",
    "jayatirtha_9.23"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "The Dvaita reading defends the integrity of Kṛṣṇa's earlier claim ('ahaṃ kratuh,' 9.16) against the objection that it renders all worship equivalent. Even those who worship other deities do reach Hari — but indirectly and in a degraded mode, without recognising His absolute supremacy (svatantra-paratva). The dependent (paratantra) jīva's failure to direct worship explicitly to Hari means the fruit is proportionally inferior; this is not equivalence but a hierarchy of access.",
   "divergence_note": "Madhva's sūcī: 'tarhi ahaṃ kratuḥ ity ādi asatyam ity ata āha — ye api iti' — the verse defends the truth of 9.16 against flattening."
  },
  "śuddhādvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "vallabha_9.23"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Even pañcāyatana-pūjā worshippers (of Ravi, Vināyaka, Caṇḍī, Īśa, Viṣṇu) do worship Me, for all those forms are Kṛṣṇa's own expressive body (madaṅgabhūta). 'Avidhipūrvakam' means they worship without knowing the adhiṣṭhāna-tattva — the foundational truth that Viṣṇu is the mūla (root) of all devas, so worshipping branches while neglecting the root is like pouring water on leaves instead of the root. The Bhāgavata vākya ('mūlaṃ viṣṇur hi devānām') seals the point: Kṛṣṇa's prasāda (grace) is not obtained through secondary channels when the primary is available.",
   "divergence_note": "Vallabha: 'mūlabhūtaṃ parityajya śākhāpatrādau secanavad yajanaṃ avidhitam' — watering branches not roots."
  },
  "bhakti": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "sridhara_9.23"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Śrīdhara grants the theological fact: since other deities have no real existence apart from Kṛṣṇa, their worshippers do technically worship Him. The problem is procedural: they worship 'without the means that leads to liberation' (mokṣa-prāpaka-vidhiṃ vinā). Faith (śraddhā) is present, but the orientation is toward limited ends — hence they return (punar āvartante) rather than reaching the final good.",
   "divergence_note": "Śrīdhara: 'kiṃtv avidhipūrvakam mokṣaprāpakaṃ vidhiṃ vinā yajanti ataḥ te punar āvartante.'"
  },
  "advaita-bhakti": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "madhusudan_9.23"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Madhusūdana addresses the dialectical pressure directly: if all deities are Kṛṣṇa, why does Kṛṣṇa distinguish His own bhaktas from others? The answer is in the quality of knowing, not the object of worship. Worshippers of Vasu, Rudra, Āditya etc. do reach Kṛṣṇa through those forms — but 'avidhipūrvakam' means they do so without knowing His sarvātmatva (all-Self nature): they posit Vasu etc. as genuinely distinct (madvinnata-kalpanā). The ananyā-bhakta knows there is no other; the anya-devatā-bhakta posits another. Same object, entirely different epistemic relationship — and therefore entirely different fruit.",
   "divergence_note": "Madhusūdana: 'sarvātmatvena mām ajñātvā madbhinnatvena vasvādīn kalpayitvā yajanti ity arthaḥ.'"
  }
 },
 "prosodic_information": {
  "meter": "anuṣṭubh",
  "meter_shift_from_previous": false,
  "meter_shift_to_next": false,
  "pragmatic_context": {
   "vocative": "Kaunteya",
   "preceding_question": "",
   "following_response": ""
  }
 },
 "theme_list_memberships": [
  {
   "list": "कौन्तेय",
   "role": "supporting",
   "other_verses_in_list": [
    "1.27",
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    "2.37",
    "2.60",
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    "7.8",
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    "8.16",
    "9.7",
    "9.10",
    "9.27",
    "9.31",
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    "13.31",
    "14.4",
    "14.7",
    "16.20",
    "16.22",
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    "18.60"
   ]
  },
  {
   "list": "सदसच्चाहम्",
   "role": "supporting",
   "other_verses_in_list": [
    "7.4",
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    "8.4",
    "11.54"
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 ],
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  "substrate_version": "v2.6-frozen",
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  },
  "corpus_provenance": {
   "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness",
   "panel_witnesses": [
    "bg-mula",
    "bg-shankara",
    "bg-ramanuja",
    "bg-madhva",
    "bg-vedantadeshika",
    "bg-vallabha",
    "bg-jayatirtha",
    "bg-anandgiri",
    "bg-sridhara",
    "bg-madhusudan"
   ]
  },
  "extraction_date": "2026-04-21",
  "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B",
  "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)",
  "post_generation_repairs": [
   {
    "date": "2026-05-03",
    "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (broader heuristic: prefix-√root canonical for all verb-tagged tokens)",
    "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma",
    "loci": [
     "yajante: yaj -> √yaj",
     "yajanti: yaj -> √yaj"
    ]
   },
   {
    "kind": "qmark_artifact_repair",
    "applied_at": "2026-05-08T01:56:15.076344Z",
    "applied_by": "summon-web/scripts/repair_qmark_artifacts.py",
    "n_senses_repaired": 6,
    "substitution": "? -> ,",
    "root_cause": "ITRANS '\\,' (literal-comma escape) in sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx corrupted to '?' during upstream HTML pipeline at gitasupersite; propagated through h_c_panel/commentaries/bg_*.jsonl into substrate.",
    "verification_source": "sonos-paper/samvad_db/sources/sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx"
   }
  ]
 },
 "so_what_questions": [
  "If sincere worship of any deity reaches Kṛṣṇa anyway, what exactly is the practitioner losing by not knowing this — and is that loss a matter of doctrine, psychology, or practical result?",
  "All six schools agree the worshipper reaches Kṛṣṇa 'in fact' yet obtains a lesser fruit: what is the mechanism by which the quality of knowledge modifies the fruit of an action performed with genuine faith?",
  "Śaṅkara identifies 'avidhipūrvakam' with ajñāna (ignorance); Rāmānuja with ignorance of the śarīra-śarīrin relation; Madhusūdana with positing ontological difference — are these three diagnoses of the same problem or three genuinely different problems?",
  "The verse implies a hierarchy of access to the divine: worshippers of other deities are not wrong, just less efficient. How should a modern practitioner navigate inherited family traditions of deity-specific worship in light of this teaching?",
  "Vallabha's 'root versus branch' image and Rāmānuja's Vedānta-vākya citation both argue that Vedic prescription itself requires knowing Kṛṣṇa as the inner ground of the devas — does this make theological ignorance a violation of ritual law, not merely a spiritual deficiency?",
  "If the problem is epistemic (not knowing) rather than moral (wrong action), what kind of corrective is available — more information, a change of practice, or an entirely different mode of attention?",
  "How does the Dvaita insistence on Hari's absolute supremacy (svatantra-paratva) interact with the verse's concession that other-deity worshippers do reach Him — does Madhva's reading undercut or reinforce the generous reading of 9.16?"
 ],
 "everyday_applications": {
  "advaita": "When you find yourself attached to a specific form of practice — a particular mantra, deity, or ritual — notice whether the form has become an end rather than a pointer. Śaṅkara's reading suggests the problem is not the form but the belief that the form exhausts the truth. Practice the same form with the quiet background question: what is it that this form discloses?",
  "viśiṣṭādvaita": "In any collaborative work, the people you serve through are not obstacles between you and the result — they are the medium through which service reaches the whole. Rāmānuja's śarīra-śarīrin logic applied to daily life: serve the person in front of you as a manifestation of the larger whole, and the quality of your service changes even if the action looks identical.",
  "dvaita": "When a chain of effort does not yield the expected result, Madhva's reading asks: are you directing credit and causality accurately? Acknowledging that outcomes flow from a source beyond your own effort is not resignation — it is precision. Attribute results correctly, and the next action can be calibrated more honestly.",
  "śuddhādvaita": "Vallabha's root-versus-branch image applies to any system of priorities: identify what is foundational in your life (health, core relationships, primary vocation) and check whether your daily energy is going to the branches (notifications, secondary tasks, appearances) while the root is unwatered. Redirect even small amounts of attention to the source.",
  "bhakti": "Śrīdhara's point is practical: sincerity is necessary but not sufficient — the orientation of that sincerity determines where it leads. In any long-term pursuit (a craft, a relationship, a practice), ask not only 'am I trying hard?' but 'is the direction of this effort oriented toward what I actually want to become?' Recalibrate the aim, not just the effort.",
  "advaita-bhakti": "Madhusūdana's insight applies to how we relate to people we find difficult: we often posit genuine separateness — they are categorically other. The practice is to hold the relationship without collapsing the difference (they are real, their perspective is real) while also not reifying the separation as final. This is the everyday form of ananyā — not dissolving the other, but not making them an alien object either."
 },
 "primary_meaning": "Those who worship other gods with sincere faith do worship Me, but without knowing it, and so the fruit they gain falls short."
}