{
 "verse_id": "9.15",
 "mūla": {
  "devanāgarī": "ज्ञान-यज्ञेन चाप्य् अन्ये यजन्तो माम् उपासते | एकत्वेन पृथक्त्वेन बहुधा विश्वतो-मुखम्",
  "iast": "jñāna-yajñena cāpy anye yajanto mām upāsate | ekatvena pṛthaktvena bahudhā viśvato-mukham",
  "chapter_position": "Chapter 9 (Rāja-Vidyā-Rāja-Guhya-Yoga (The Yoga of Royal Knowledge and Royal Mystery)), verse 15",
  "speaker": "Krishna",
  "addressed_to": "Arjuna"
 },
 "word_by_word": [
  {
   "surface_form": "jñāna",
   "lemma": "jñāna",
   "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "ज्ञान"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "yajñena",
   "lemma": "yajña",
   "grammar": "instrumental masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "च यजन्तः माम् उपासते, कथम् बहुधा पृथक्त्वेन जगदाकारेण विश्वतोमुखं विश्वप्रकारम् अवस्थितं माम् एकत्वेन उपासते",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja",
      "vedantadeshika"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "यज्ञेन"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "ca",
   "lemma": "ca",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "च"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "api",
   "lemma": "api",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "अपि"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "anye",
   "lemma": "anya",
   "grammar": "nominative masculine plural noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "अन्याम् उपासनां परित्यज्य उपासते",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara",
      "anandgiri"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "अपि महात्मानः पूर्वोक्तैः कीर्तनादिभिः ज्ञानाख्येन यज्ञेन",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "पूर्वोक्तसाधनानुष्ठानासमर्थाः ज्ञानयज्ञेनत्वं वा अहमस्मि भगवो देवते अहं वै त्वमसि इत्यादिश्रुत्युक्तमहग्रहापासनं ज्ञानं",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "अन्ये"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "yajantaḥ",
   "lemma": "√yaj",
   "grammar": "nominative masculine plural present participle verb",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "यजन्तः"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "mām",
   "lemma": "mad",
   "grammar": "accusative singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "माम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "upāsate",
   "lemma": "√upās",
   "grammar": "present indicative 3rd person plural verb",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "। तच्च ज्ञानम् -- एकत्वेन एकमेव परं ब्रह्म इति परमार्थदर्शनेन यजन्तः उपासते। केचिच्च पृथक्त्वेन, आदित्यचन्द्रादिभेदेन स",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": ", कथम् बहुधा पृथक्त्वेन जगदाकारेण विश्वतोमुखं विश्वप्रकारम् अवस्थितं माम् एकत्वेन उपासते",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "उपासते"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "ekatvena",
   "lemma": "ekatva",
   "grammar": "instrumental neuter singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "एकमेव परं ब्रह्म इति परमार्थदर्शनेन यजन्तः उपासते",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "उपासते",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "एकत्वेन"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "pṛthaktvena",
   "lemma": "pṛthaktva",
   "grammar": "instrumental neuter singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": ", आदित्यचन्द्रादिभेदेन स",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "जगदाकारेण विश्वतोमुखं विश्वप्रकारम् अवस्थितं माम् एकत्वेन उपासते",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja",
      "vedantadeshika"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "सर्वतो वैलक्षण्येन",
     "school": "dvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhva"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "पृथक्त्वेन"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "bahudhā",
   "lemma": "bahudhā",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "अवस्थितः स",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "पृथक्त्वेन जगदाकारेण विश्वतोमुखं विश्वप्रकारम् अवस्थितं माम् एकत्वेन उपासते",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja",
      "vedantadeshika"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "हि तस्य रूपं,आभाति शुक्लमिव लोहितमिवाथो नीलमथोऽर्जुनं इति सनत्सुजाते [म.भा.5।44।26]दैवमेवापरे [4।25] इत्युक्तप्रकारेण ब",
     "school": "dvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhva"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "शिवशक्तिसूर्यगणेशादिरूपेण",
     "school": "śuddhādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "vallabha"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "ब्रह्मरुद्रादिरूपेणोपासते",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "तैस्तैर्बहुभिः प्रकारैर्विश्वरूपं सर्वात्मानं मामेवोपासते तेन तेन ज्ञानयज्ञेनेति उत्तरोत्तराणां क्रमेण पूर्वपूर्वभूमिला",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "बहुधा"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "viśvatas",
   "lemma": "viśvatas",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "विश्वतस्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "mukham",
   "lemma": "mukha",
   "grammar": "accusative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "मुखम्"
  }
 ],
 "intertextual_panel": [
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   "verse": "7.17",
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   "score": 0.9062,
   "feature_breakdown": {
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   "verse": "16.15",
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  {
   "verse": "13.35",
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  {
   "verse": "4.28",
   "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel",
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 ],
 "doctrinal_projections": {
  "advaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "shankara_9.15",
    "anandgiri_9.15"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Others worship Me through the sacrifice of knowledge (jñāna-yajña), offering knowledge itself — directed toward Īśvara — as the supreme act of veneration. Some among these worship through non-difference (ekatvena), beholding the one absolute Brahman as the only reality. Others worship through differentiation (pṛthaktvena), seeing that same Bhagavān manifest as Āditya, Candra, and the diverse forms of creation — and still others worship the cosmic-faced (viśvato-mukha) Lord in manifold modes (bahudhā), contemplating His universal form pervading all directions.",
   "divergence_note": "Śaṅkara's bhāṣya (present in payload): ज्ञानमेव भगवद्विषयं यज्ञः — 'knowledge itself, having the Lord as its object, is the sacrifice.' Three grades: paramārthadarśana (ekatva), āditya-candra-bheda (pṛthaktva), viśvarūpa as sarvato-mukha (bahudhā). Śaṅkara treats all three as finally converging on jñāna-mārga."
  },
  "viśiṣṭādvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "ramanuja_9.15",
    "vedantadeshika_9.15"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Other great souls worship Me — Vāsudeva alone — through the sacrifice of knowledge, recognizing Me as the one who subsists as the body (śarīra) of all sentient and insentient reality (cit and acit). They worship Me through differentiation (pṛthaktvena) by contemplating the manifold world-forms as My body, and through non-difference (ekatvena) by knowing that this very diversity is one Bhagavān who, by His own resolve (satyasaṅkalpa), became the universe of multiform names and shapes.",
   "divergence_note": "Rāmānuja's bhāṣya (present in payload) reads: भगवान् वासुदेव एव नामरूपविभागानर्हातिसूक्ष्मचिदचिद्वस्तुशरीरः — Bhagavān Vāsudeva alone, with all subtle cit-acit as His body, resolves into multiform cosmic embodiment. Worship of the universe IS worship of Him."
  },
  "dvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "madhva_9.15",
    "jayatirtha_9.15"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Some worship through non-difference (ekatvena) — meaning: one Nārāyaṇa alone is present everywhere, without exception. Others worship through absolute distinction (pṛthaktvena) — recognizing His sovereign difference from all else, His unique excellence (vailakṣaṇya) that sets Him apart from every jīva and from prakṛti. And in manifold modes (bahudhā), His form itself shines as white, as red, as blue — as the Sanatsujāta verse declares — yet each form remains identically and exclusively Nārāyaṇa.",
   "divergence_note": "Madhva's bhāṣya (present in payload): सर्वत्र एक एव नारायणः स्थितः इत्येकत्वेन — ekatva = one Nārāyaṇa pervades all; pṛthaktva = His absolute distinction from everything else (sarvatah vailakṣaṇyena). Cites Sanatsujāta on multicolored divine forms."
  },
  "śuddhādvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "vallabha_9.15"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Some worship Me through the sacrifice of knowledge framed as brahma-arpaṇa (the offering into Brahman itself), worshipping My imperishable nature (akṣara-svarūpa). Among these, Tāntrika practitioners contemplate unity (ekatvena) through the formula 'I am That' (so'smi). Others, through the Rājasa-Tāntrika mode, worship in differentiation (pṛthaktvena), approaching Me as sovereign Lord with the sentiment 'I am Your servant' (dāso'smi). And others worship in manifold forms (bahudhā) — as Śiva, Śakti, Sūrya, Gaṇeśa — or recognize Me as the cosmic-faced one manifest through all forms from jar to cloth.",
   "divergence_note": "Vallabha's bhāṣya (present in payload): केचिदेकत्वेन सोऽस्मि इत्यात्माभेदभावनया तान्त्रिकाः — some through Tāntrika identity-meditation; पृथक्त्वेन राजसतान्त्रिका दासोऽस्मीति — others via devotional difference; बहुधा शिवशक्तिसूर्यगणेशादि — manifold deity forms."
  },
  "bhakti": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "sridhara_9.15"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Others also worship Me through the sacrifice of knowledge — knowing 'Vāsudeva is everything' (vāsudevaḥ sarvam), which is itself the direct vision of My all-pervading nature (sarvātmatva-darśana). Some among them worship through non-difference (ekatvena), by the conviction that all is one supreme Brahman; others through differentiation (pṛthaktvena), holding the attitude 'I am the servant' (dāso'ham); and still others worship Me, the all-faced one (sarvātmaka), manifold (bahudhā) — as Brahmā, Rudra, and the other forms of divinity.",
   "divergence_note": "Śrīdhara's bhāṣya (present in payload): वासुदेवः सर्वमित्येवं सर्वात्मत्वदर्शनं ज्ञानं — knowledge = direct vision that Vāsudeva is all. Three upāsanā modes: paramārtha-darśana (ekatva), pṛthag-bhāvanā dāso'ham (pṛthaktva), brahma-rudra-ādi forms (bahudhā). Note: Śrīdhara's payload is free of HTML artifacts; pure Sanskrit prose used."
  },
  "advaita-bhakti": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "madhusudan_9.15"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Those incapable of hearing, reflection, and meditation (śravaṇa-manana-nididhyāsana) still worship Me in modes suited to their capacity. The best (uttama) practitioners, having renounced all other means, worship Me through knowledge-sacrifice (jñāna-yajña) in non-difference (ekatvena) — contemplating the unity of worshipper and worshipped. The middling (madhyama) worship through differentiation (pṛthaktvena), using proximate objects (pratīka-upāsanā) such as 'the Sun is Brahman.' And the lesser (manda), unable even to sustain identity-contemplation, worship in manifold modes (bahudhā) through various deities and acts — and thereby too they worship only Me, the all-souled one (sarvātman), through their respective knowledge-sacrifices.",
   "divergence_note": "Madhusūdana's bhāṣya (present in payload): उत्तमाः — ekatva = upāsya-upāsaka-abheda-cintā (non-difference of worshipped and worshipper); मध्यमाः — pṛthaktva = pratīka-upāsanā citing Chāndogya 'ādityo brahmety ādeśaḥ'; मन्दाः — bahudhā through other deities or actions. Explicit three-tier hierarchy with upward movement (uttarottarāṇāṃ kramena pūrva-pūrva-bhūmi-lābhaḥ)."
  }
 },
 "prosodic_information": {
  "meter": "anuṣṭubh",
  "meter_shift_from_previous": false,
  "meter_shift_to_next": false,
  "pragmatic_context": {
   "vocative": "",
   "preceding_question": "",
   "following_response": ""
  }
 },
 "theme_list_memberships": [
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   "role": "supporting",
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 ],
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  "substrate_version": "v2.6-frozen",
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  "corpus_provenance": {
   "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness",
   "panel_witnesses": [
    "bg-mula",
    "bg-shankara",
    "bg-ramanuja",
    "bg-madhva",
    "bg-vedantadeshika",
    "bg-vallabha",
    "bg-jayatirtha",
    "bg-anandgiri",
    "bg-sridhara",
    "bg-madhusudan"
   ]
  },
  "extraction_date": "2026-04-21",
  "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B",
  "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)",
  "post_generation_repairs": [
   {
    "date": "2026-05-03",
    "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (broader heuristic: prefix-√root canonical for all verb-tagged tokens)",
    "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma",
    "loci": [
     "yajantaḥ: yaj -> √yaj",
     "upāsate: upās -> √upās"
    ]
   },
   {
    "kind": "qmark_artifact_repair",
    "applied_at": "2026-05-08T01:56:15.065203Z",
    "applied_by": "summon-web/scripts/repair_qmark_artifacts.py",
    "n_senses_repaired": 2,
    "substitution": "? -> ,",
    "root_cause": "ITRANS '\\,' (literal-comma escape) in sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx corrupted to '?' during upstream HTML pipeline at gitasupersite; propagated through h_c_panel/commentaries/bg_*.jsonl into substrate.",
    "verification_source": "sonos-paper/samvad_db/sources/sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx"
   }
  ]
 },
 "so_what_questions": [
  "If all three modes — ekatva, pṛthaktva, bahudhā — are valid worship of the same Kṛṣṇa, what does this imply about the claims of any single darśana (school of thought) to exclusive soteriological truth?",
  "Madhusūdana proposes a three-tier hierarchy (uttama / madhyama / manda): does this hierarchy help practitioners locate themselves honestly, or does it risk entrenching spiritual elitism within a tradition that elsewhere insists all paths lead to the same summit?",
  "Jñāna-yajña is described as offering knowledge itself as the sacrifice — in what sense does intellectual inquiry, when directed toward the divine, become a ritual act rather than a cognitive one?",
  "Rāmānuja insists that worshipping cosmic diversity IS worshipping Bhagavān because the world is His body (śarīra); does this ontology dissolve the boundary between ecological reverence and theistic devotion?",
  "Madhva's pṛthaktva holds that the absolute distinction of Nārāyaṇa from all other beings is itself the highest truth to be worshipped — how does a theology of radical otherness generate intimacy rather than distance?",
  "Vallabha includes Śiva, Śakti, Sūrya, and Gaṇeśa as valid forms of the one Kṛṣṇa — what are the implications for inter-sectarian conflict within Hinduism if this verse is taken as authoritative?",
  "The verse presents ekatvena, pṛthaktvena, and bahudhā as simultaneous, coexisting modes of worship rather than sequential stages — is this an argument for religious pluralism, or is it a claim that all apparent diversity is already contained within one framework?"
 ],
 "everyday_applications": {
  "advaita": "Before any focused intellectual work — reading, research, problem-solving — pause and recognize that the attention you are bringing is itself offered to the one Consciousness that underlies both knower and known. This is jñāna-yajña in daily life: treating the act of clear seeing (paramārtha-darśana) as a sacred offering rather than a personal achievement. When diverse views or people frustrate you, attempt ekatvena — ask whether the friction reveals your forgetting that one Brahman appears in all these forms.",
  "viśiṣṭādvaita": "When you tend to another person's needs — cooking for family, caring for the ill, maintaining shared spaces — recognize that you are serving Bhagavān's own body (śarīra), since all cit and acit are His. This makes service (kainkarya) both cosmically grounded and radically equalizing: the difficult colleague, the demanding child, and the broken infrastructure are all sites of the same divine embodiment. Pṛthaktva-worship becomes gratitude for the rich specificity of that body.",
  "dvaita": "Practice the discipline of pṛthaktva (distinction) in your own self-understanding: resist the habit of inflating your own capacities into absolute claims. Nārāyaṇa's vailakṣaṇya (sovereign uniqueness) is the measure by which your own dependence becomes clear — not as humiliation but as structural honesty. Daily prayer in the Dvaita mode is less about dissolving self than about accurately naming the asymmetry: the jīva is real, good, and precious — and wholly dependent. That clarity is itself a form of worship.",
  "śuddhādvaita": "Within Puṣṭi-mārga, the application is receptivity rather than effort: allow Kṛṣṇa's grace (puṣṭi) to determine the mode of your worship rather than choosing a mode strategically. If today's energy is dāso'smi (differentiated devotion) and tomorrow's is identity-absorption, neither is a failure. The practical instruction is to recognize that even informal, scattered devotion — humming a bhajan while working, noticing beauty in small things — is already bahudhā worship of the cosmic-faced one. No posture is too undignified for the Lord's own presence to inhabit.",
  "bhakti": "The Śrīdhara application is recognition: in any encounter with another mind — conversation, reading, encounter with nature — practice seeing vāsudevaḥ sarvam (Vāsudeva is everything) as a living perception, not a doctrinal formula. When you notice the impulse to categorize a person as lesser or irrelevant, the countermovement is sarvātmatva-darśana — seeing them as a face of the all-faced one. The shift is not sentimental but perceptual: it changes what information you attend to and what questions you ask.",
  "advaita-bhakti": "Madhusūdana's graduated ladder offers self-assessment without self-rejection: locate honestly which tier describes your current practice — are you capable of sustained identity-contemplation (uttama), or do you need a concrete divine image or proximate symbol (madhyama), or are you currently navigating life through action and diverse practices (manda)? Then practice at that tier fully rather than pretending to a higher one. The ladder guarantees upward movement (pūrva-bhūmi-lābha) only if you occupy your actual rung; spiritual inflation blocks the climb."
 },
 "primary_meaning": "Others worship Me through the sacrifice of knowledge, some seeing My oneness everywhere, others seeing Me through My many distinct forms, and still others approaching Me through the countless faces I turn toward the world."
}