{ "verse_id": "7.11", "mūla": { "devanāgarī": "बलं बलवतां चाहं काम-राग-विवर्जितम् | धर्माविरुद्धो भूतेषु कामो ऽस्मि भरतर्षभ", "iast": "balaṃ balavatāṃ cāhaṃ kāma-rāga-vivarjitam | dharmāviruddho bhūteṣu kāmo 'smi bharatarṣabha", "chapter_position": "Chapter 7 (Jñāna-Vijñāna-Yoga (The Yoga of Knowledge and Realization)), verse 11", "speaker": "Krishna", "addressed_to": "Arjuna" }, "word_by_word": [ { "surface_form": "balam", "lemma": "bala", "grammar": "nominative neuter singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "बलम्" }, { "surface_form": "balavatām", "lemma": "balavat", "grammar": "genitive masculine plural noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "बलवताम्" }, { "surface_form": "ca", "lemma": "ca", "grammar": "", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "च" }, { "surface_form": "aham", "lemma": "mad", "grammar": "nominative singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "अहम्" }, { "surface_form": "kāma", "lemma": "kāma", "grammar": "compound (compound member)", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "काम" }, { "surface_form": "rāga", "lemma": "rāga", "grammar": "compound (compound member)", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "राग" }, { "surface_form": "vivarjitam", "lemma": "vi-√varjay", "grammar": "nominative neuter singular participle noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "विवर्जितम्" }, { "surface_form": "dharma", "lemma": "dharma", "grammar": "compound (compound member)", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "धर्म" }, { "surface_form": "aviruddhaḥ", "lemma": "aviruddha", "grammar": "nominative masculine singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "अविरुद्धः" }, { "surface_form": "bhūteṣu", "lemma": "bhūta", "grammar": "locative neuter plural noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "कामः यथा देहधारणमात्राद्यर्थः अशनपानादिविषयः स कामः अस्मि", "school": "advaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "shankara" ] }, { "sense": "देवमनुष्यादिरूपेणावस्थितेषु जन्तुषु", "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "vedantadeshika" ] }, { "sense": "प्राणिषु कामः शास्त्रानुमतजायापुत्रवित्तादिविषयोऽभिलाषः सोऽहमस्मि", "school": "advaita-bhakti", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "madhusudan" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "भूतेषु" }, { "surface_form": "kāmaḥ", "lemma": "kāma", "grammar": "nominative masculine singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "कामः" }, { "surface_form": "asmi", "lemma": "√as", "grammar": "present indicative 1st person singular verb", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "अस्मि" }, { "surface_form": "bharata", "lemma": "bharata", "grammar": "compound (compound member)", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "भरत" }, { "surface_form": "ṛṣabha", "lemma": "ṛṣabha", "grammar": "vocative masculine singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "ऋषभ" } ], "intertextual_panel": [ { "verse": "16.18", "type": "lemma-family resonance", "score": 0.914, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.864, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 12.2251, "stem_prefix": 5.0 } }, { "verse": "4.8", "type": "lemma-family resonance", "score": 0.9078, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8578, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 9.9307, "stem_prefix": 5.0 } }, { "verse": "1.44", "type": "lemma-family resonance", "score": 0.9075, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8575, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 10.934, "stem_prefix": 5.0 } }, { "verse": "14.27", "type": "lemma-family resonance", "score": 0.9016, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8416, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 13.8392, "stem_prefix": 6.0 } }, { "verse": "9.3", "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel", "score": 0.9006, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8506, "theme_graph": 1.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 9.3116, "stem_prefix": 4.0 } }, { "verse": "18.53", "type": "shared-vocabulary echo", "score": 0.9004, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8704, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 9.0838, "stem_prefix": 3.0 } }, { "verse": "17.5", "type": "lemma-family resonance", "score": 0.899, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.859, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 9.6602, "stem_prefix": 4.0 } }, { "verse": "3.37", "type": "shared-vocabulary echo", "score": 0.8953, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8653, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 5.9928, "stem_prefix": 3.0 } } ], "doctrinal_projections": { "advaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "shankara_7.11", "anandgiri_7.11" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "I am the strength (bala) of the strong — but only that strength which is stripped of kāma (craving for the unattained) and rāga (attachment to what is already held): the mere sattva sufficient to sustain body and sense-faculties in their function, never the strength that fuels the wheel of saṃsāra. Further, O best of Bhāratas, I am that desire (kāma) in beings which does not contradict dharma — the desire oriented only toward sustaining life through food, drink, and the like, not the tṛṣṇā (thirst) that binds the transmigrating soul.", "divergence_note": "Śaṅkara explicitly distinguishes kāma as tṛṣṇā (thirst toward unattained objects) from rāga as rañjanā (clinging to what is obtained); he anchors the acceptable bala as dehādi-dhāraṇa-mātrārtha — exactly enough force for maintaining the body-complex and nothing more." }, "viśiṣṭādvaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "ramanuja_7.11", "vedantadeshika_7.11" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "All these distinctive modes — the strength of the strong, the desire unopposed by dharma — have arisen from Me alone; they subsist as My body (śarīra), owned by Me as their inner controller (antaryāmin), and so it is I who stand forth in their differentiated forms. The bala, the kāma, the very constitution of each being, is My śeṣa — a mode of My being, not an independent reality.", "divergence_note": "Rāmānuja's bhāṣya for 7.11 is sparse in the payload but he explicitly summarizes the whole block (7.8–7.11): 'ete sarve vilakṣaṇā bhāvā matt eva utpannāḥ mac-cheṣabhūtā mac-charīratayā mayi eva avasthitāḥ.' The key moves — utpanna (originated from Me), śeṣabhūta (owned by Me), śarīratayā (as My body) — fully determine the rendering." }, "dvaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "madhva_7.11", "jayatirtha_7.11" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "From Hari alone flow the very natures (svabhāva) of rasa, bala, and kāma as the Gītā-kalpa testifies; yet He is never bound by them — He is their sovereign (niyāmaka), the supreme enjoyer (sāra-bhoktā) who pervades them without being sustained by them. The dharma-unopposed kāma, the kāma-rāga-free bala — these are upāsanā (meditation-objects): meditate on them as Vāsudeva, Lord of the worlds, not as autonomous forces.", "divergence_note": "Madhva's bhāṣya covers 7.8–7.12 as a block and explicitly cites the Gītā-kalpa verse: 'rasādīnāṃ rasāditva svabhāvatve tathāiva ca / sāratve sarva-dharmeṣu viśeṣeṇāpi kāraṇam / sāra-bhoktā ca sarvatra yato'to jagad-īśvaraḥ.' The upāsanā orientation ('dharmāviruddhaḥ... ity-ādy-upāsanārtham') is explicit." }, "śuddhādvaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "vallabha_7.11" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Even the power of action (kriyāśakti) that constitutes strength — Vallabha insists — is not a power moving toward worldly engagement (pravṛtty-ātmaka); it has been declared free of kāma and rāga, which marks it as Kṛṣṇa's own śakti in its pure form. And the kāma Kṛṣṇa claims is specifically that which does not oppose dharma — because in the world kāma is notorious as a dharma-violator, and this verse cleanly excludes that rajasika-tāmasika mode, preserving only the form that belongs to Kṛṣṇa's own līlā-nature.", "divergence_note": "Vallabha's bhāṣya is brief but precise: 'kriyāśaktirūpaṃ tad-api na pravṛtty-ātmakam ity āha kāma-rāga-vivarjitam iti' and 'tathāiva kāmo'smi sa ca loke dharma-virodhi iti tad-vyāvṛtty-artham āha dharmāviruddha iti.' The seven-sevenfold differentiation note at the end refers to his broader enumerative scheme across this passage." }, "bhakti": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "sridhara_7.11" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "The bala (strength) that belongs to the strong and that Kṛṣṇa claims is sāttvika strength — the capacity for svadharma-anuṣṭhāna (performance of one's own duty). Kāma is rājasika (desire for the unattained), rāga is tāmasika (the tṛṣṇā-class craving that clings even after attainment and reaches for more); both are absent from this bala. And the kāma that is Kṛṣṇa is specifically svadharma-approved: the desire of a householder for offspring through his own wife, for legitimate purpose only.", "divergence_note": "Śrīdhara provides the clearest guṇa-mapping in the panel: 'kāmo'prāpte vastuny abhilāṣo rājasaḥ; rāgaḥ punar abhilaṣite'rthe prāpte'pi punar adhike'rthe citta-rañjanātmakas tṛṣṇā-paryāyas tāmasaḥ.' The svadharma-anuṣṭhāna gloss on acceptable bala is Śrīdhara's own contribution, not explicit in other bhāṣyas." }, "advaita-bhakti": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "madhusudan_7.11" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Kāma is that specific citta-vṛtti (mental modification) that takes the form 'let the unattained object be attained even without the means of attainment being present'; rāga is the complementary citta-vṛtti, rañjanātmā, that takes the form 'let what is obtained not diminish even when the cause of diminishment is present.' The bala that is Kṛṣṇa is utterly free of the rajas-tamas coloring these vṛttis carry, being purely sāttvika — the strength of those who are saṃsāra-parāṅmukha (turned away from transmigration) for sustaining dharma-performance. The dharma-unopposed kāma in beings — for spouse, children, livelihood as śāstra permits — is Kṛṣṇa himself: in Me who take this form, such beings are strung (prota).", "divergence_note": "Madhusūdana gives the finest phenomenological analysis: kāma and rāga are defined as two distinct citta-vṛtti types with specific modal content (aprāpte... prāpye-tām; prāpte... na kṣīyatām). He makes the saṃsāra-parāṅmukha qualification of bala-holders explicit, and ends with the protatva (stringing) metaphor from the chapter's controlling image." } }, "prosodic_information": { "meter": "anuṣṭubh", "meter_shift_from_previous": false, "meter_shift_to_next": false, "pragmatic_context": { "vocative": "Bharatarṣabha", "preceding_question": "", "following_response": "" } }, "theme_list_memberships": [ { "list": "पुरुष", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "1.1", "2.15", "2.16", "2.21", "2.60", "8.1", "8.4", "8.8", "8.10", "8.22", "9.3", "10.12", "10.15", "11.3", "11.18", "11.38", "13.19", "13.20", "13.21", "13.22", "13.23", "15.4", "15.16", "15.17", "15.18", "15.19", "17.3", "18.4" ] }, { "list": "स्त्री", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "1.41" ] } ], "audit_trail": { "substrate_version": "v2.6-frozen", "fitted_weights": { "a": 1.0, "b": 0.01, "e_v": 0.005, "z": 0.2, "h": 0.0, "th": 0.01 }, "corpus_provenance": { "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness", "panel_witnesses": [ "bg-mula", "bg-shankara", "bg-ramanuja", "bg-madhva", "bg-vedantadeshika", "bg-vallabha", "bg-jayatirtha", "bg-anandgiri", "bg-sridhara", "bg-madhusudan" ] }, "extraction_date": "2026-04-21", "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B", "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)", "post_generation_repairs": [ { "date": "2026-05-03", "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (broader heuristic: prefix-√root canonical for all verb-tagged tokens)", "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma", "loci": [ "vivarjitam: vivarjay -> vi-√varjay", "asmi: as -> √as" ] } ] }, "so_what_questions": [ "If Kṛṣṇa claims only the kāma-rāga-free strength, what happens to the strength I use while driven by desire — is it simply absent of Kṛṣṇa, or is it something else entirely?", "Śaṅkara and Śrīdhara both say the accepted bala is just enough to sustain the body in its duty — does this verse set an implicit ceiling on how much ambition or physical power is spiritually legitimate?", "Madhusūdana defines kāma and rāga as two distinct citta-vṛtti types with opposing modal structures; can you catch these two vṛttis operating in a single real desire you have right now?", "Madhva says this verse is upāsanā — a meditation instruction, not just ontology. What would it actually mean to contemplate your own capacity-for-effort as Vāsudeva rather than as 'my willpower'?", "Rāmānuja says all these modes are Kṛṣṇa's śarīra. If the body-of-God includes lawful desire, does that dissolve the common equation of spirituality with desire-elimination?", "Śrīdhara assigns kāma to rajas and rāga to tamas. If the energy driving your most persistent habits is tāmasika rāga rather than rājasika kāma, does that change how you would approach transforming it?", "The verse draws the line at dharma-conformity: kāma that does not contradict dharma is Kṛṣṇa; kāma that does contradict dharma is not. Who or what determines that line in contexts where dharma itself is contested?" ], "everyday_applications": { "advaita": "Before a demanding task, pause and ask: is the energy I am about to deploy aimed at sustaining what genuinely needs doing (dehādi-dhāraṇa-mātra), or is it loaded with tṛṣṇā for outcome and rāga for continuation? Strip the tṛṣṇā-rāga coloring and act from what remains — that remainder is sāttvika bala, and that alone is Brahman acting through you. The practical test: would you bring equal force to the task if no one would ever know the result?", "viśiṣṭādvaita": "When you notice a legitimate desire rising — for a project to succeed, for a relationship to deepen, for a student to flourish — recognize it as already arising from Kṛṣṇa and resting in Him as śarīra (His body). Do not suppress it and do not inflate it; instead, consciously return it: 'This desire is His mode, not mine to hoard.' This transforms ordinary wanting into kainkarya — service-shaped desire that moves toward its object while remaining oriented to the Lord who is both the desirer and the desired.", "dvaita": "Use the verse as a daily upāsanā checkpoint: when you draw on your capacity to act — physical stamina, professional competence, emotional resilience — mentally attribute it to Hari as its sovereign source. The jīva's strength is always dependent (paratantra); claiming it as 'mine' is the primary error. A practical discipline: at the start of any effort, silently name it 'Vāsudeva's śakti working through this body' — not as a formula, but as a recognition that reorients the actor without abolishing the action.", "śuddhādvaita": "Desire itself — when it is dharma-anukūla (aligned with one's proper role) — is not the obstacle; the rājasa-tāmasa coloring is. In Puṣṭi-mārga practice this means embracing the energy of devotion fully, with joy, without the guilt that treats all wanting as contamination. Let strength be kriyāśakti (action-power) in service of Kṛṣṇa's delight (prīti), not a neutral instrument you must keep sanitized. The test is not 'am I desiring?' but 'is this desire Kṛṣṇa's own movement through me, or is it the rajasa-tāmasa pattern pulling me away from Him?'", "bhakti": "Map your dominant desires onto the guṇa-schema Śrīdhara supplies: kāma as rājasika (chasing the unattained), rāga as tāmasika (clinging after attainment, always wanting more). Most chronic dissatisfaction is rāga, not kāma — the mind that already has what it wanted but cannot stop reaching. Identifying which guṇa is driving a specific craving gives you a practical handle: rājasika kāma responds to redirection toward svadharma; tāmasika rāga requires a more fundamental inquiry into why retention feels necessary.", "advaita-bhakti": "Madhusūdana's citta-vṛtti analysis yields a concrete contemplative exercise: catch the exact moment when the mind generates either the 'let me obtain what I lack' vṛtti (kāma-mode) or the 'let me not lose what I have' vṛtti (rāga-mode). Neither vṛtti is you — both are modifications. Strength that is free of both is available right now, not as an attainment but as the natural state of a mind turned away from saṃsāra (saṃsāra-parāṅmukha). The synthesis: see that residual sāttvika strength as Kṛṣṇa himself threading through you, and let action arise from there." }, "primary_meaning": "Krishna says: I am the strength in the strong, stripped of craving and clinging, and I am the desire in beings that does not run against dharma." }