{ "verse_id": "6.42", "mūla": { "devanāgarī": "अथ वा योगिनाम् एव कुले भवति धीमताम् | एतद् धि दुर्लभतरं लोके जन्म यद् ईदृशम्", "iast": "atha vā yoginām eva kule bhavati dhīmatām | etad dhi durlabhataraṃ loke janma yad īdṛśam", "chapter_position": "Chapter 6 (Dhyāna-Yoga (The Yoga of Meditation)), verse 42", "speaker": "Krishna", "addressed_to": "Arjuna" }, "word_by_word": [ { "surface_form": "atha", "lemma": "atha", "grammar": "", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "अथ" }, { "surface_form": "vā", "lemma": "vā", "grammar": "", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "वा" }, { "surface_form": "yoginām", "lemma": "yogin", "grammar": "genitive masculine plural noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "योगिनाम्" }, { "surface_form": "eva", "lemma": "eva", "grammar": "", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "एव" }, { "surface_form": "kule", "lemma": "kula", "grammar": "locative neuter singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "भवति जायते धीमतां बुद्धिमताम्", "school": "advaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "shankara", "anandgiri" ] }, { "sense": "भवति।तद् एतद् उभयविधं योगयोग्यानां योगिनां च कुले जन्म लोके प्राकृतानां दुर्लभतरम् एतत् तु योगमाहात्म्यकृतम्।", "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "ramanuja", "vedantadeshika" ] }, { "sense": "भवति। किम्भूतानां योगबुद्धिमतां यदीदृशं जन्म तदेतल्लोके दुर्लभतरम्। अत्र च पूर्वंशुचीनां श्रीमतां गेहे योगभ्रष्टोऽभिजाय", "school": "śuddhādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "vallabha" ] }, { "sense": "जायते नतु पूर्वोक्तानामनारूढयोगानां कुले जायते एतज्जन्म स्तौति", "school": "bhakti", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "sridhara" ] }, { "sense": "भवति धीमतां ब्रह्मविद्यावताम्", "school": "advaita-bhakti", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "madhusudan" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "कुले" }, { "surface_form": "bhavati", "lemma": "√bhū", "grammar": "present indicative 3rd person singular verb", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "जायते धीमतां बुद्धिमताम्", "school": "advaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "shankara" ] }, { "sense": "।तद् एतद् उभयविधं योगयोग्यानां योगिनां च कुले जन्म लोके प्राकृतानां दुर्लभतरम् एतत् तु योगमाहात्म्यकृतम्।", "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "ramanuja" ] }, { "sense": "। किम्भूतानां योगबुद्धिमतां यदीदृशं जन्म तदेतल्लोके दुर्लभतरम्। अत्र च पूर्वंशुचीनां श्रीमतां गेहे योगभ्रष्टोऽभिजायते 6।", "school": "śuddhādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "vallabha" ] }, { "sense": "धीमतां ब्रह्मविद्यावताम्", "school": "advaita-bhakti", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "madhusudan" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "भवति" }, { "surface_form": "dhīmatām", "lemma": "dhīmat", "grammar": "genitive masculine plural noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "धीमताम्" }, { "surface_form": "etat", "lemma": "etad", "grammar": "nominative neuter singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "एतत्" }, { "surface_form": "hi", "lemma": "hi", "grammar": "", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "हि" }, { "surface_form": "durlabhataram", "lemma": "durlabhatara", "grammar": "nominative neuter singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "दुर्लभतरम्" }, { "surface_form": "loke", "lemma": "loka", "grammar": "locative masculine singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "जन्म यत् ईदृशं यथोक्तविशेषणे कुले।।यस्मात्", "school": "advaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "shankara", "anandgiri" ] }, { "sense": "प्राकृतानां दुर्लभतरम् एतत् तु योगमाहात्म्यकृतम्", "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "ramanuja" ] }, { "sense": "दुर्लभतरम् मोक्षहेतुत्वात्", "school": "bhakti", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "sridhara" ] }, { "sense": "यदीदृशं लोके सर्वप्रमादकारणशून्यं जन्मेति द्वितीयः स्तूयते", "school": "advaita-bhakti", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "madhusudan" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "लोके" }, { "surface_form": "janma", "lemma": "janman", "grammar": "nominative neuter singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "यत् दरिद्राणां योगिनां कुले दुर्लभतरं दुःखलभ्यतरं पूर्वमपेक्ष्य लोके जन्म", "school": "advaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "shankara", "anandgiri" ] }, { "sense": "लोके प्राकृतानां दुर्लभतरम् एतत् तु योगमाहात्म्यकृतम्", "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "ramanuja", "vedantadeshika" ] }, { "sense": "पुनः साधनार्थं संस्कारतो योगिनामेव कुले भवति", "school": "śuddhādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "vallabha" ] }, { "sense": "एतद्धि प्रसिद्धं शुकादिवद्दुर्लभतरं दुर्लभं लोके यदीदृशं लोके सर्वप्रमादकारणशून्यं जन्मेति द्वितीयः स्तूयते", "school": "advaita-bhakti", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "madhusudan" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "जन्म" }, { "surface_form": "yat", "lemma": "yad", "grammar": "nominative neuter singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "यत्" }, { "surface_form": "īdṛśam", "lemma": "īdṛśa", "grammar": "nominative neuter singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "ईदृशम्" } ], "intertextual_panel": [ { "verse": "4.3", "type": "lemma-family resonance", "score": 0.8679, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8179, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 8.7306, "stem_prefix": 5.0 } }, { "verse": "6.45", "type": "near-cluster echo", "score": 0.8657, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8457, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 5.8753, "stem_prefix": 2.0 } }, { "verse": "6.2", "type": "shared-vocabulary echo", "score": 0.8624, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8324, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 5.9539, "stem_prefix": 3.0 } }, { "verse": "3.20", "type": "shared-vocabulary echo", "score": 0.8619, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8219, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 6.8619, "stem_prefix": 4.0 } }, { "verse": "10.7", "type": "shared-vocabulary echo", "score": 0.8609, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8309, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 7.8705, "stem_prefix": 3.0 } }, { "verse": "4.25", "type": "thematic-similarity", "score": 0.8542, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8342, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 3.5594, "stem_prefix": 2.0 } }, { "verse": "4.9", "type": "shared-vocabulary echo", "score": 0.8539, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8239, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 8.2837, "stem_prefix": 3.0 } }, { "verse": "2.51", "type": "shared-vocabulary echo", "score": 0.8536, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8236, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 8.2421, "stem_prefix": 3.0 } } ], "doctrinal_projections": { "advaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "shankara_6.42", "anandgiri_6.42" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "The yogi who fell from practice while still advancing takes birth instead in the family of wise, discerning yogis — not the wealthy, but the poor householders whose minds are already turned toward the absolute. Śaṅkara reads 'dhīmatām' (of the discerning) as pointing to those already steeped in buddhi-oriented discipline, making the new birth an immediate insertion into a jñāna-conducive environment. Such a birth is rarer still than the previous one, because it cuts directly to the path without the detour through royal comfort.", "divergence_note": "Śaṅkara: 'yoginām eva daridra-brāhmaṇānāṃ kule bhavati dhīmatāṃ buddhimatām' — birth is in the household of poor but discerning yogis, not affluent householders; the qualifier 'dhīmatām' (possessing buddhi) signals jñāna-lineage." }, "viśiṣṭādvaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "ramanuja_6.42", "vedantadeshika_6.42" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "The yogi whose practice ripened but was interrupted is born into the home of those who themselves practice yoga and who teach it — he enters a community of living sādhanā, not merely of intellectual heritage. Rāmānuja's 'yogopadeṣṭṛṇām kule' (in the family of yoga-instructors themselves) makes this more than genealogical fortune: the new birth embeds the soul in an active relational practice of kainkarya. That both paths — birth among the wealthy-pure and birth among the yogin-wise — are rare shows the grace underlying any yoga-proximate birth.", "divergence_note": "Rāmānuja: 'yoginaṃ dhīmatāṃ yogaṃ kurvataṃ svayam eva yogopadeṣṭṛṇāṃ kule bhavati' — born in the family of those who themselves practice and teach yoga; rarity applies to both birth-types." }, "dvaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "madhva_6.42", "jayatirtha_6.42" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Or instead, the *yogi* (one engaged in meditative practice) is born into the family of wise *yogins* — *yoginām eva kule bhavati dhīmatām*. Such a birth is *durlabhataram* (rarer still) in this world than even a royal birth. Hari alone, as the *svatantra* (independently real, self-sufficient) Lord who is the sole efficient cause of all *sādhanā* (spiritual practice), arranges the *paratantra* *jīva*'s (eternally dependent individual self's) return to precisely the lineage where accumulated *bhakti* (devotion) can resume and ripen. The *dhīmatām* — the wise ones — are not merely learned but are graded within *taratamya* (graded ontological hierarchy); birth among them is itself a fruit of Hari's sovereign dispensation, not the jīva's own autonomous achievement. The *pañca-bheda* (five-fold real distinction: Lord–jīva, Lord–matter, jīva–jīva, jīva–matter, matter–matter) remains intact across births: the jīva does not dissolve into the yogic family but arrives as a genuinely distinct dependent self, carrying forward the momentum of prior worship under Hari's direction.", "divergence_note": "No Madhva or Jayatīrtha bhāṣya exists for this verse; the reading voices Dvaita siddhānta directly from the mūla, grounding *durlabhataraṃ janma* in Hari's sovereign grace and *taratamya* rather than in any notion of jīva self-determination.", "provenance": "siddhānta_reconstruction" }, "śuddhādvaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "vallabha_6.42" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "The soul whose sādhanā was interrupted is drawn by its saṃskāras (residual impressions) back into the womb of yogins — not by merit-calculation but by the pull of Kṛṣṇa's own līlā, which places the incomplete sādhaka precisely where continuation is possible. Vallabha explicitly invokes the example of Jaḍa-Bharata reborn as a brahmin son of Brahmā, who attained yoga-siddhi without renewed effort because his prior saṃskāras were sufficient — some devotees need further practice, others are carried across by grace alone. Either way, such a birth is the rarest of all, because Puṣṭi-prasāda (grace-nourishment) has already quietly arranged it.", "divergence_note": "Vallabha: 'ārabdha-cyutasya janma punaḥ sādhanārthaṃ saṃskārataḥ yoginām eva kule bhavati' and 'jaḍabharatasya brahma-sutasyeva yoga-siddhyā kṛtārthatvaṃ' — the Jaḍa-Bharata parallel shows grace-completion as the higher alternative." }, "bhakti": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "sridhara_6.42" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Śrīdhara distinguishes two scenarios: the yogi who slipped after brief practice is covered by 6.41; here in 6.42, the one who practiced for long and still fell takes a harder-won but more direct birth — in the family of jñānins and yoga-niṣṭhas (those firmly established in yoga). The emphasis on 'dhīmatām jñāninām' signals that this lineage is not merely pious but epistemically equipped, making the new life a mokṣa-instrument almost from the start. The verse's closing praise — 'this birth is rarer still because it leads to liberation' — is itself the doctrine: proximity to liberation is the measure of birth's rarity.", "divergence_note": "Śrīdhara: 'cira-abhyasta-yoga-bhraṃśe tu pakṣāntaram' — for one who practiced long, this is the alternative case; 'yoga-niṣṭhānāṃ dhīmatāṃ jñāninām eva kule jāyate' and 'durlabhataram mokṣa-hetutv āt.'" }, "advaita-bhakti": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "madhusudan_6.42" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "The sādhaka with greater śraddhā (faith) and vairāgya (dispassion) — who has no residual bhoga-vāsanā (desire for enjoyment) — bypasses even the heavenly lokas and takes birth directly in the family of poor brāhmaṇas who are brahma-vidyā-vataḥ (holders of brahma-knowledge), not in the royal family. Madhusūdana praises this second path as rarer than the first: the brāhmaṇa-yogin birth is 'sarva-pramāda-kāraṇa-śūnya' (free from all causes of heedlessness), and such a soul is immediately fit for sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa (complete renunciation of all action). The synthesis shows: bhakti-driven vairāgya produces the purest possible bhava-janma (birth-for-liberation), where Kṛṣṇa-devotion and non-dual wisdom arrive together.", "divergence_note": "Madhusūdana: 'śraddhā-vairāgya-ādi-kalyāṇa-guṇa-ādhikye bhoga-vāsanā-virahāt … yoginām eva daridra-brāhmaṇānāṃ … dhīmatāṃ brahma-vidyā-vatām kule bhavati' and 'sarva-pramāda-kāraṇa-śūnyaṃ janma … sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-arhatv āt.'" } }, "prosodic_information": { "meter": "anuṣṭubh", "meter_shift_from_previous": true, "meter_shift_to_next": false, "pragmatic_context": { "vocative": "", "preceding_question": "", "following_response": "" } }, "theme_list_memberships": [ { "list": "ईदृशम्", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "2.32" ] }, { "list": "बिन्दुज", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "10.6" ] } ], "audit_trail": { "substrate_version": "v2.6-frozen", "fitted_weights": { "a": 1.0, "b": 0.01, "e_v": 0.005, "z": 0.2, "h": 0.0, "th": 0.01 }, "corpus_provenance": { "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness", "panel_witnesses": [ "bg-mula", "bg-shankara", "bg-ramanuja", "bg-madhva", "bg-vedantadeshika", "bg-vallabha", "bg-jayatirtha", "bg-anandgiri", "bg-sridhara", "bg-madhusudan" ] }, "extraction_date": "2026-04-21", "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B", "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)", "post_generation_repairs": [ { "date": "2026-05-03", "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (broader heuristic: prefix-√root canonical for all verb-tagged tokens)", "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma", "loci": [ "bhavati: bhū -> √bhū" ] } ] }, "so_what_questions": [ "If the soul's sādhanā-saṃskāras (practice-impressions) survive death and engineer the next birth-environment, what does that imply about the moral weight of every hour spent in genuine practice versus performed piety?", "Śaṅkara says the 'poor yogin household' is rarer and superior to the royal household — does this invert ordinary notions of privilege, and how should a modern practitioner evaluate the spiritual environment they were born into?", "Rāmānuja specifies birth among active yoga-teachers, not merely yoga-lineage families — is living transmission (guru-paramparā) a necessity, or can texts and solo practice substitute?", "Vallabha invokes Jaḍa-Bharata as evidence that some saṃskāras are sufficient for liberation without further effort: how do we distinguish genuine Puṣṭi-grace from spiritual complacency dressed in devotional language?", "Madhusūdana's 'sarva-pramāda-kāraṇa-śūnya' birth (free from all causes of heedlessness) implies that a birth without bhoga-vāsanā is the most enabling environment — yet such a person would seem to need no environment at all. Is the rarity of this birth a sign of its necessity or its superfluity?", "The verse offers two possible births (royal/pure vs. poor/wise-yogi) as alternatives depending on the degree of prior practice — does this suggest a meritocratic karma-calculus, or does the Puṣṭi reading (grace arranges it) dissolve the meritocracy entirely?", "All five present bhāṣyas agree this birth is 'durlabhatara' (rarer still) — yet they disagree on what makes it rare (jñāna-access vs. active-practice community vs. brahma-vidyā vs. grace). What is actually scarce: the environment, the saṃskāra, or the readiness of the soul to use either?" ], "everyday_applications": { "advaita": "When choosing mentors, teachers, or study circles, prioritize those whose households are oriented toward viveka-vicāra (discriminative inquiry) over those who offer prestige or resources. The Advaita reading says the discerning poor household outranks the comfortable wealthy one — meaning the quality of intellectual and meditative environment you daily inhabit is more determinative of your progress than your material circumstances.", "viśiṣṭādvaita": "Seek out a living satsaṅga (community of practice) where yoga is not just taught abstractly but actively embodied and transmitted person-to-person. Rāmānuja's emphasis on 'yogopadeṣṭṛṇām kule' (family of active teachers) means: find communities where the teacher practices what they teach, and where kainkarya — engaged loving service — is the daily grammar, not mere philosophical discussion.", "dvaita": "Trust that sincere effort in Hari-worship is never wasted even when external results are invisible — the Dvaita principle of sādhanā-continuity means your incomplete worship accumulates and directs the conditions of your next opportunity. Practically: keep the practice, even in interruption, because Hari as the efficient cause will re-position you where continuation is possible. [Framework inference — no direct Madhva bhāṣya on this verse.]", "śuddhādvaita": "Vallabha's Jaḍa-Bharata example counsels against anxious striving to 'complete' one's sādhanā by one's own force. If deep saṃskāras of devotion are present, Kṛṣṇa's prasāda (grace-gift) may carry one across without further deliberate effort. The everyday implication: cultivate genuine love for Kṛṣṇa as the primary act; let the architecture of continuation be His concern, not a project to manage.", "bhakti": "Śrīdhara distinguishes short-practice fallers from long-practice fallers — the longer you have practiced, the more direct your next environment will be toward mokṣa. The practical takeaway: consistency over years matters more than intensity in any single session. A decade of steady, modest practice builds saṃskāras that will position you closer to liberation than a year of intense but abandoned effort.", "advaita-bhakti": "Madhusūdana's criterion for the highest birth is 'bhoga-vāsanā-śūnya' (empty of desire for enjoyment). The daily practice this implies: before undertaking any activity, audit whether it is driven by genuine sādhanā or by subtle bhoga-vāsanā dressed as spiritual aspiration. The soul fit for saṃnyāsa is not the one who has suppressed desire but the one in whom desire for enjoyment has genuinely dissolved — and this is built incrementally through honest self-examination, not by declaration." }, "primary_meaning": "Or else the fallen yogi is born into a family of wise yogis themselves, and that birth, rarer than any other in this world, carries the practice forward from where it left off." }