{
  "verse_id": "4.8",
  "mūla": {
    "devanāgarī": "परित्राणाय साधूनां विनाशाय च दुष्कृताम् । धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय सम्भवामि युगे युगे",
    "iast": "paritrāṇāya sādhūnāṃ vināśāya ca duṣkṛtām | dharmasaṃsthāpanārthāya sambhavāmi yuge yuge",
    "chapter_position": "Chapter 4 (Jñāna-Karma-Sannyāsa-Yoga (The Yoga of Renunciation of Action in Knowledge)), verse 8",
    "speaker": "Krishna",
    "addressed_to": "Arjuna"
  },
  "word_by_word": [
    {
      "surface_form": "kim",
      "lemma": "ka",
      "grammar": "accusative neuter singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "किम्"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "artham",
      "lemma": "artha",
      "grammar": "accusative neuter singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "अर्थम्"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "paritrāṇāya",
      "lemma": "paritrāṇa",
      "grammar": "dative neuter singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "परिरक्षणाय साधूनां सन्मार्गस्थानाम् विनाशाय",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "तद्विपरीतानां विनाशाय",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja",
            "vedantadeshika"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "साधूनां इति साधुपरित्राणादिकं भगवदवतारस्य प्रयोजनमुक्तम् तत्र किं जन्मनैव परित्राणादिकं कार्यमिति नियमः इत्यपेक्षायामाह",
          "school": "dvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "jayatirtha"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "तत्प्रतिपक्षाणां दुष्कृतां दुष्टं कर्म कुर्वतां विनाशाय",
          "school": "śuddhādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "vallabha"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "परितः सर्वतो रक्षणाय तथा अधर्मवृद्ध्या वर्धमानानां दुष्कृतां पापकारिणां वेदमार्गविरोधिनां विनाशाय",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "परित्राणाय"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "sādhūnām",
      "lemma": "sādhu",
      "grammar": "genitive masculine plural noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "साधूनाम्"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "vināśāya",
      "lemma": "vināśa",
      "grammar": "dative masculine singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "च दुष्कृतां पापकारिणाम् किञ्च धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय धर्मस्य सम्यक् स्थापनं तदर्थं संभवामि युगे युगे प्रतियुगम्",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "च क्षीणस्य वैदिकधर्मस्य मदाराधनरूपस्य आराध्यस्वरूपप्रदर्शनेन",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja",
            "vedantadeshika"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "च युगेयुगे सम्भवामि",
          "school": "śuddhādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "vallabha"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "च तदुभयं कथं स्यादिति तदाह",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "विनाशाय"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "ca",
      "lemma": "ca",
      "grammar": "",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "च"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "duṣkṛtām",
      "lemma": "duṣkṛt",
      "grammar": "genitive masculine plural noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "दुष्कृताम्"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "dharma",
      "lemma": "dharma",
      "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "धर्म"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "saṃsthāpana",
      "lemma": "saṃsthāpana",
      "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "संस्थापन"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "arthāya",
      "lemma": "artha",
      "grammar": "dative masculine singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "अर्थाय"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "saṃbhavāmi",
      "lemma": "sam-√bhū",
      "grammar": "present indicative 1st person singular verb",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "युगे युगे प्रतियुगम्",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "। कृतत्रेतादियुगविशेषनियमः अपि नास्ति इत्यर्थः।",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "पूर्ववत्",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "संभवामि"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "yuge",
      "lemma": "yuga",
      "grammar": "locative neuter singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "युगे प्रतियुगम्",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "युगे संभवामि",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja",
            "vedantadeshika"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "युगे प्रतियुगम्",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "युगे"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "yuge",
      "lemma": "yuga",
      "grammar": "locative neuter singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "युगे प्रतियुगम्",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "युगे संभवामि",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja",
            "vedantadeshika"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "युगे प्रतियुगम्",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "युगे"
    }
  ],
  "intertextual_panel": [
    {
      "verse": "7.11",
      "type": "lemma-family resonance",
      "score": 0.9156,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8656,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 9.9307,
        "stem_prefix": 5.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "1.1",
      "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel",
      "score": 0.9049,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8449,
        "theme_graph": 1.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 11.8134,
        "stem_prefix": 5.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "4.7",
      "type": "next-verse continuation",
      "score": 0.8958,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8558,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 8.8617,
        "stem_prefix": 4.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "18.32",
      "type": "shared-vocabulary echo",
      "score": 0.8956,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8656,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 7.2393,
        "stem_prefix": 3.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "11.25",
      "type": "shared-vocabulary echo",
      "score": 0.8945,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8545,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 6.835,
        "stem_prefix": 4.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "1.40",
      "type": "shared-vocabulary echo",
      "score": 0.8943,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8643,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 7.2393,
        "stem_prefix": 3.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "1.44",
      "type": "lemma-family resonance",
      "score": 0.8912,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8512,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 8.8617,
        "stem_prefix": 4.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "1.43",
      "type": "lemma-family resonance",
      "score": 0.8908,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8508,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 8.3083,
        "stem_prefix": 4.0
      }
    }
  ],
  "doctrinal_projections": {
    "advaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "shankara_4.8",
        "anandgiri_4.8"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "For the protection (paritrāṇa) of those established in the right path (sanmārga-stha) and the destruction of the sinful (pāpakārin), Īśvara — who in reality undergoes no true birth — appears age after age through māyā. The third purpose subsumes both: by removing adharma and reinstating Vedic dharma, the apparent Lord restores the very conditions under which jñāna can arise in qualified seekers. The avatāra is thus not a cosmic rescue but an epistemological clearing — the real work remains the seeker's own discrimination.",
      "divergence_note": "parirakṣaṇāya sanmārgasthānām ... dharmasya samyak sthāpanaṃ tadartham",
      "commentator": "Śaṅkarācārya"
    },
    "viśiṣṭādvaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "ramanuja_4.8",
        "vedantadeshika_4.8"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "The sādhus here are specifically the Vaiṣṇava devotees (mat-samāśrayana-pravṛtta) who, unable to bear even a moment's separation from Bhagavān's form and deeds (nāma-karma-svarūpa), become undone in body and limb — for their paritrāṇa (rescue from that unbearable longing), Bhagavān descends with his form, speech, and glance as nourishment. The duṣkṛtas are not merely sinners but those opposed to this devotional dharma; their destruction too serves the bhaktas' welfare. Descent is an act of love in every age, unrestricted to any particular yuga.",
      "divergence_note": "aṇumātrakālam api kalpasahasraṃ manvānāḥ praśithilasarvagātrā ... mat-svarūpa-ceṣṭitāvalokana-alāpādi-dānena teṣāṃ paritrāṇāya",
      "commentator": "Rāmānujācārya"
    },
    "dvaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "madhva_4.8",
        "jayatirtha_4.8"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "There is no rule that birth alone accomplishes protection and destruction; Hari acts by his own svabhāva (intrinsic nature) and by līlā (spontaneous play), entirely free from compulsion. Like a child at sport — yet the child is Anantavīrya, of boundless power — he who is pūrṇa (utterly full) and has nothing to gain still undertakes all action; the seers who know the highest and the lowest (parāvara-jña) declare him to act out of apparent contradiction, which is itself the proof of his absolute independence (svātantrya). Paritrāṇa and vināśa are the sport of the supremely full One.",
      "divergence_note": "na janmanaiva paritrāṇādi kāryam iti niyamaḥ ... līlayā svabhāvena ca yatheiṣṭacārī ... pūrṇo'yam asya na kiñcid āpyam tathāpi sarvāḥ kurute pravṛttīḥ",
      "commentator": "Madhvācārya"
    },
    "śuddhādvaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "vallabha_4.8"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "Verse 4.7 named the when; 4.8 names the purpose — but in Puṣṭi-mārga the tripartite purpose is entirely Kṛṣṇa's own prasāda-impulse: he protects the dharma-vat (those who possess dharma), destroys the duṣkṛt (those whose karma is corrupt), and does so yuge yuge without calendrical constraint. Even the apparent severity of destruction carries no pitilessness (nairghṛṇya): as a mother who both caresses and strikes her infant acts without cruelty, so Maheśa — the supreme controller of virtue and fault — acts solely from niyantṛ-love. The descent is both when-he-wills and how-he-wills.",
      "divergence_note": "nāvatārakālaniyama ity etadarthaṃ yuge yuge uktam ... lālane tāḍane mātur nākāruṇyaṃ yathārbhake",
      "commentator": "Vallabhācārya"
    },
    "bhakti": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "sridhara_4.8"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "The question 'for what purpose?' (kim-artham) is answered in three clean steps: protection of the sādhus (those who walk svadharma), destruction of the duṣkṛtas (evil-doers), and through both acts together the firm establishment of dharma (dharmaṃ sthīrīkartum). Śrīdhara, like Vallabha, adds the mother-analogy to remove any charge of cruelty against the destroyer-function. The descent is occasioned not by yuga-sequence but by the arising of the need (tat-tad-avasare) — an on-demand, responsive avatāra theology.",
      "divergence_note": "sādhurakṣaṇena duṣṭavadhena ca dharmaṃ sthīrīkartuṃ yuge yuge tattad-avasare sambhavāmīty arthaḥ",
      "commentator": "Śrīdhara Svāmī"
    },
    "advaita-bhakti": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "madhusudan_4.8"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "Madhusūdana opens with a dialectical challenge: would not the very occasion of dharma's decline and adharma's rise — the pretext for avatāra — make the descent itself a source of harm? He refutes this by unpacking the three purposes as a single coherent act: paritrāṇa means protecting from every side (paritaḥ sarvato rakṣaṇam) the sādhus on the Vedic path now imperiled; vināśa removes those actively opposing that path; and dharma-saṃsthāpana is precisely the preservation of veda-mārga by the removal of adharma. The avatāra is therapeutically complete — diagnosis, excision, and restoration in one descent.",
      "divergence_note": "paritrāṇāya paritaḥ sarvato rakṣaṇāya ... dharmasya samyag adharma-nivāraṇena sthāpanaṃ veda-mārga-parirakṣaṇaṃ dharmasaṃsthāpanam",
      "commentator": "Madhusūdana Sarasvatī"
    }
  },
  "prosodic_information": {
    "meter": "anuṣṭubh",
    "meter_shift_from_previous": true,
    "meter_shift_to_next": true,
    "pragmatic_context": {
      "vocative": "",
      "preceding_question": "",
      "following_response": ""
    }
  },
  "theme_list_memberships": [
    {
      "list": "नित्य",
      "role": "supporting",
      "other_verses_in_list": [
        "1.1",
        "2.12",
        "2.14",
        "2.18",
        "2.20",
        "2.21",
        "2.24",
        "2.26",
        "2.30",
        "2.45",
        "3.15",
        "3.31",
        "3.39",
        "4.20",
        "5.3",
        "7.17",
        "8.14",
        "9.6",
        "9.14",
        "9.22",
        "9.33",
        "10.9",
        "11.52",
        "12.2",
        "13.9",
        "13.11",
        "15.5",
        "18.52"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "audit_trail": {
    "substrate_version": "v2.6-frozen",
    "fitted_weights": {
      "a": 1.0,
      "b": 0.01,
      "e_v": 0.005,
      "z": 0.2,
      "h": 0.0,
      "th": 0.01
    },
    "corpus_provenance": {
      "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness",
      "panel_witnesses": [
        "bg-mula",
        "bg-shankara",
        "bg-ramanuja",
        "bg-madhva",
        "bg-vedantadeshika",
        "bg-vallabha",
        "bg-jayatirtha",
        "bg-anandgiri",
        "bg-sridhara",
        "bg-madhusudan"
      ]
    },
    "extraction_date": "2026-04-21",
    "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B",
    "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)",
    "post_generation_repairs": [
      {
        "date": "2026-05-03",
        "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (broader heuristic: prefix-√root canonical for all verb-tagged tokens)",
        "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma",
        "loci": [
          "saṃbhavāmi: sambhū -> sam-√bhū"
        ]
      },
      {
        "date": "2026-05-05",
        "fix": "mula_avataranika_contamination_strip",
        "scope": "mula.iast, mula.devanagari",
        "old_iast_head": "kim-artham ? paritrāṇāya sādhūnāṃ vināśāya ca duṣkṛtām | dharma-saṃsthāpanārthāya saṃbhavāmi yuge yuge",
        "new_iast": "paritrāṇāya sādhūnāṃ vināśāya ca duṣkṛtām | dharmasaṃsthāpanārthāya sambhavāmi yuge yuge",
        "source": "sd_bgnew.itx (sanskritdocs.org BG mula, ITRANS) via indic_transliteration",
        "reason": "parser fallback path concatenated commentator avataranika prose into mula; manifested as stray '?' or ',' in canonical text; first detected during bandha-matrix render audit",
        "open_followups": [
          "word_by_word may carry avataranika tokens; needs separate sandhi-aware reconciliation pass against cleaned mula",
          "audit_trail.corpus_provenance claims Belvalkar/Ambuda but parser fallback used commentary; provenance is mis-stated for affected verses"
        ]
      },
      {
        "date": "2026-05-05",
        "fix": "meter_relabel",
        "scope": "prosodic_information.meter",
        "from": "other",
        "to": "anuṣṭubh",
        "source": "syllabification analysis by prosodic-caesura subagent (Macdonell §504-520, Apte App I)",
        "reason": "originally labeled 'other'; verse scans as anuṣṭubh (4 pādas × 8 syllables)"
      }
    ]
  },
  "so_what_questions": [
    "If avatāra is māyā-mediated (Advaita) rather than a real birth, what moral weight does its protective-destructive function carry — can an unreal agent truly protect or destroy?",
    "Rāmānuja defines the sādhus as devotees in acute separation-longing: does this restrict the promise of paritrāṇa to advanced bhaktas, or does it simply reveal the deepest form of the general promise?",
    "Madhva insists descent is pure līlā with nothing to gain — yet the verse lists three purposes. How does Dvaita reconcile purposive language with the doctrine of Hari's absolute pūrṇatva?",
    "All six schools agree 'yuge yuge' means no fixed-yuga rule. What does an on-demand, occasion-responsive avatāra theology imply for communities living through apparent periods of adharma without a visible descent?",
    "The dharma-saṃsthāpana purpose is shared across schools yet filled with different content: Vedic path (Śaṅkara, Madhusūdana), Vaiṣṇava bhakti-dharma (Rāmānuja), svadharma-observance (Śrīdhara). Whose dharma is being established?",
    "Vallabha and Śrīdhara both invoke the mother-analogy to neutralize the nairghṛṇya (cruelty) charge against vināśa. Does this analogy dissolve the moral problem or merely relocate it into a relationship of asymmetric power?",
    "If protection and destruction are two faces of a single dharma-restoring act, is there a reading of this verse in which the duṣkṛta is also, in some sense, being served — freed from the karma that was destroying them?"
  ],
  "everyday_applications": {
    "advaita": "When you take on a protective or corrective role — parenting, teaching, managing — act cleanly from dharma, not from emotional investment in outcomes. Śaṅkara's avatāra clears conditions for jñāna; your interventions should clear conditions for others' clarity, then step back. The moment you believe you are the rescuer, you have mistaken the instrument for the source.",
    "viśiṣṭādvaita": "When someone you love is in acute longing or suffering — the Rāmānuja sādhu model — your 'descent' is to show up with presence, story, and voice (svarūpa-ceṣṭita-āvalokanā), not with solutions. The care that relieves devotional-style longing is relational and sensory, not merely transactional. Schedule the visit, make the call; paritrāṇa here is showing your face.",
    "dvaita": "Act from your deepest svabhāva (innate nature) rather than from need for recognition or fear of failure — Madhva's Hari acts because it is his nature, not because he lacks anything. Identify the work that flows from your nature effortlessly (as the child plays), and do it fully. The fact that you have nothing to gain is the condition, not the obstacle.",
    "śuddhādvaita": "In a community or family role, trust that corrective action — even firm, uncomfortable correction — is not a betrayal of love if it flows from the niyantṛ (governing) function. The mother who disciplines is not cruel. Vallabha's frame: the sign of authentic care is that both the lālana (nurturing) and the tāḍana (correction) come from the same undivided intention.",
    "bhakti": "Recognize that your interventions — in an organization, a neighborhood, a family system — become dharma-saṃsthāpana only when protection of the good and removal of the harmful are coordinated, not pursued separately. Śrīdhara's reading: neither sādhu-rakṣaṇa alone nor duṣṭa-vadha alone establishes dharma — both must be present, occasion-responsive, and proportionate.",
    "advaita-bhakti": "When entering a situation of visible decay — an institution losing its dharma, a community fraying — adopt Madhusūdana's therapeutic completeness: diagnose what is threatened (sādhus), identify what is actively corrosive (duṣkṛtas), and focus your energy on restoring the underlying structure (veda-mārga, the generative principle). Partial interventions that protect without removing the corrosive element, or remove without restoring the structure, are incomplete descents."
  },
  "primary_meaning": "I come into being age after age to protect the righteous, destroy evildoers, and set *dharma* firmly back on its feet."
}