{
  "verse_id": "4.13",
  "mūla": {
    "devanāgarī": "चातुर्-वर्ण्यं मया सृष्टं गुण-कर्म-विभागशः | तस्य कर्तारम् अपि मां विद्ध्य् अकर्तारम् अव्ययम्",
    "iast": "cātur-varṇyaṃ mayā sṛṣṭaṃ guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśaḥ | tasya kartāram api māṃ viddhy akartāram avyayam",
    "chapter_position": "Chapter 4 (Jñāna-Karma-Sannyāsa-Yoga (The Yoga of Renunciation of Action in Knowledge)), verse 13",
    "speaker": "Krishna",
    "addressed_to": "Arjuna"
  },
  "word_by_word": [
    {
      "surface_form": "cātur",
      "lemma": "cātur",
      "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "चातुर्"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "varṇyam",
      "lemma": "varṇya",
      "grammar": "nominative neuter singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "वर्ण्यम्"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "mayā",
      "lemma": "mad",
      "grammar": "instrumental singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "मया"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "sṛṣṭam",
      "lemma": "√sṛj",
      "grammar": "nominative neuter singular participle noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "सृष्टम्"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "guṇa",
      "lemma": "guṇa",
      "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "गुण"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "karma",
      "lemma": "karman",
      "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "स्वभाजम् 18",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "vedantadeshika"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "कर्म"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "vibhāgaśaḥ",
      "lemma": "vibhāgaśaḥ",
      "grammar": "",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "विभागशः"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "tasya",
      "lemma": "tad",
      "grammar": "genitive neuter singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "कर्मणः कर्तारमपि सन्तं मां परमार्थतः विद्धि अकर्तारम्",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "विचित्रसृष्टयादेः कर्तारम्",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "कर्तारमपि फलतोऽकर्तारमेव मां विद्धि",
          "school": "bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "sridhara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "विषमस्वभावस्य चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य व्यवहारदृष्ट्या कर्तारमपि मां परमार्थदृष्ट्या विद्ध्यकर्तारमव्ययं निरहंकारत्वेनाक्षीणमहिम",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "तस्य"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "kartāram",
      "lemma": "kartṛ",
      "grammar": "accusative masculine singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "अपि अकर्तारं मां विद्धि",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "कर्तारम्"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "api",
      "lemma": "api",
      "grammar": "",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "अपि"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "mām",
      "lemma": "mad",
      "grammar": "accusative singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "माम्"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "viddhi",
      "lemma": "√vid",
      "grammar": "present imperative 2nd person singular verb",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "विद्धि"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "akartāram",
      "lemma": "akartṛ",
      "grammar": "accusative masculine singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "। अत एव अव्ययम् असंसारिणं च मां विद्धि।।येषां तु कर्मणां कर्तारं मां मन्यसे परमार्थतः तेषाम् अकर्ता एवाहम् यतः",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "अकर्तारम्"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "avyayam",
      "lemma": "avyaya",
      "grammar": "accusative masculine singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "असंसारिणं",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "अव्ययम्"
    }
  ],
  "intertextual_panel": [
    {
      "verse": "4.14",
      "type": "next-verse continuation",
      "score": 0.9685,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8385,
        "theme_graph": 11.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 3.2557,
        "stem_prefix": 2.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "7.13",
      "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel",
      "score": 0.9029,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8529,
        "theme_graph": 2.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 8.392,
        "stem_prefix": 3.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "7.29",
      "type": "lemma-family resonance",
      "score": 0.8949,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8449,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 8.2396,
        "stem_prefix": 5.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "13.29",
      "type": "lemma-family resonance",
      "score": 0.8942,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8342,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 11.9208,
        "stem_prefix": 6.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "3.27",
      "type": "lemma-family resonance",
      "score": 0.8935,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8535,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 8.6293,
        "stem_prefix": 4.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "18.19",
      "type": "lemma-family resonance",
      "score": 0.8897,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8397,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 10.8413,
        "stem_prefix": 5.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "4.9",
      "type": "near-cluster echo",
      "score": 0.8874,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8374,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 8.2396,
        "stem_prefix": 5.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "13.19",
      "type": "long-distance thematic echo",
      "score": 0.887,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.827,
        "theme_graph": 1.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 8.9714,
        "stem_prefix": 5.0
      }
    }
  ],
  "doctrinal_projections": {
    "advaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "shankara_4.13",
        "anandgiri_4.13"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "The fourfold order (cātur-varṇya) was projected by Me through the Lord's power of māyā, differentiated by the three guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas) and the corresponding duties each guṇa dictates — the brāhmaṇa established in sattva with śama and dama, the kṣatriya with sattva-subsidiary rajas bearing śaurya, the vaiśya with rajas-subsidiary tamas tending agriculture, the śūdra with dominant tamas serving the three. Yet though you would conclude that I, as creator of this order, must bear its fruit-karma (karmaphala), know Me in ultimate truth (paramārthatah) as akartā — not-doer. This is so because I am avyaya (inexhaustible, unmodifiable): the conventional creator in vyāvahārika appearance, but untouched by action or its fruit in pāramārthika reality.",
      "divergence_note": "Śaṅkara explicitly: 'yady api māyā-saṃvyavahāreṇa tasya karmaṇaḥ kartāram api santaṃ māṃ paramārthataḥ viddhy akartāram' — the vyāvahārika/pāramārthika distinction carries the full weight of the akartā claim."
    },
    "viśiṣṭādvaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "ramanuja_4.13",
        "vedantadeshika_4.13"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "The entire cosmos, from Brahmā down to a blade of grass (brahma-stamba-paryanta), is projected, sustained, and withdrawn by Me alone — cātur-varṇya being its most visible differentiation by guṇa and corresponding duty (karma-vibhāga). Notice that Rāmānuja's bhāṣya extends 'sṛṣṭam' to include rakṣaṇa and upasamhāra: creation is not a single past act but Bhagavān's continuous threefold lordship. I am nonetheless akartā because My action issues from a will utterly free of self-interest (ahantā, mamantā) — the antarātman of all beings acts through their guṇas while remaining the ground that is never depleted (avyaya).",
      "divergence_note": "Rāmānuja: 'sṛṣṭi-grahaṇaṃ pradarśanārtham — mayā eva rakṣyate mayā eva ca upasamhriyate' — the verse's 'sṛṣṭam' indexes the complete sṛṣṭi-sthiti-saṃhāra cycle."
    },
    "dvaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "madhva_4.13",
        "jayatirtha_4.13"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "I alone am the true kartā (kartā eva hi) of the fourfold order — Madhva's bhāṣya insists on this direct assertion, reversing any impression that Kṛṣṇa deflects agency. The guṇa-distribution is ontologically fixed: brāhmaṇa is sāttvika, kṣatriya is sāttvik-rājasa, vaiśya is rājasa-tāmasa, śūdra is tāmasa; the karma-vibhāga to follow in 18.42. Yet I am simultaneously akartā because My activity (kriyā) is utterly unlike jīva-activity (vailakṣaṇyāt) — the Śruti 'viśvakarma vimanāḥ' confirms a doer whose doing leaves no saṃskāra-trace. The jīva forever depends; Hari forever acts without dependence.",
      "divergence_note": "Madhva: 'kriyāyāṃ vailakṣaṇyāt kartā'py akartā' — the term vailakṣaṇya (categorical difference in kind of action) is Dvaita's technical solution, supported by Ṛgveda 8.3.17."
    },
    "śuddhādvaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "vallabha_4.13"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "The charming diversity of cātur-varṇya arises not from any inequity in Kṛṣṇa's will but from the guṇas already embedded in each jīva along with the faculties He gave them — 'mātārthaṃ ca bhavārthaṃ ca svātmane'kalpanāya ca' (Bhāgavata 10.87.2). The charge of partiality (vaiṣamya) and cruelty (nairghṛṇya) addressed in Vallabha's bhāṣya is dissolved: like rain that equally waters different seeds, Bhagavān provides prasāda (grace-fuel) uniformly; it is each jīva's prior karma-bīja that produces differential fruit. I am akartā because I am avyaya — free of ahaṃkāra (ahankāra-rahita), the very condition that makes action binding in ordinary beings.",
      "divergence_note": "Vallabha cites Brahma-sūtra 2.1.34 and Kauṣītakī Upaniṣad 3.3.9 on Kṛṣṇa as sāpekṣa (condition-responsive) yet not implicated: 'vṛṣṭivad bhagavān bījavat karma'."
    },
    "bhakti": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "sridhara_4.13"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "The brāhmaṇas, whose nature is sattva-predominant, are given śama and dama as their prescribed duty; kṣatriyas, sattva-rajas mixed, receive śaurya and battle; vaiśyas, rajas-tamas, tend agriculture and trade; śūdras, tamas-predominant, are assigned service of the three higher orders — this is guṇa-karma-vibhāga as Śrīdhara reads it, a natural consequence of the guṇa-mixture each being carries. Though generator of this variegated order, I am in effect (phalataḥ) akartā: because I am avyaya — meaning āsakti-rāhitya (absence of attachment) rendering Me śrama-rahita (exempt from fatigue) and nāśādi-rahita (beyond diminishment).",
      "divergence_note": "Śrīdhara: 'tathāpi evaṃ tasya kartāram api phalato'kartāram eva māṃ viddhi — tatra hetuḥ, avyayam āsakti-rāhityena śrama-rahitaṃ nāśādi-rahitam' — the akartā is glossed specifically as phalataḥ akartā (non-doer in terms of fruit), a distinct register from Śaṅkara's paramārthataḥ."
    },
    "advaita-bhakti": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "madhusudan_4.13"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "The body-initiating inequalities of guṇa (śarīrārambhaka-guṇa-vaiṣamya) guarantee that beings cannot be of uniform nature — this is Madhusūdana's opening move, emphasizing that cātur-varṇya encodes empirical necessity, not divine preference. In vyāvahārika perspective I am kartā; in paramārtha I am akartā. But Madhusūdana sharpens what Śaṅkara leaves implicit: I am avyaya because I am nirahankāra (free of 'I-sense') — hence akṣīṇa-mahiman (undiminished in greatness). This synthesizes: Advaita's two-truth frame carries Kṛṣṇa's inexhaustible personal greatness as the very ground of the paradox.",
      "divergence_note": "Madhusūdana: 'vyavahāra-dṛṣṭyā kartāram api māṃ paramārtha-dṛṣṭyā viddhy akartāram avyayaṃ nirahankāratvena akṣīṇa-mahimānam' — 'nirahankāratvena akṣīṇa-mahimānam' is his own synthesis not found in Śaṅkara's bhāṣya."
    }
  },
  "prosodic_information": {
    "meter": "anuṣṭubh",
    "meter_shift_from_previous": false,
    "meter_shift_to_next": false,
    "pragmatic_context": {
      "vocative": "",
      "preceding_question": "",
      "following_response": ""
    }
  },
  "theme_list_memberships": [
    {
      "list": "अकर्तारम्",
      "role": "supporting",
      "other_verses_in_list": [
        "4.14"
      ]
    },
    {
      "list": "अव्यय",
      "role": "supporting",
      "other_verses_in_list": [
        "2.17",
        "2.21",
        "4.1",
        "4.6",
        "7.13",
        "7.25",
        "9.2",
        "9.13",
        "9.18",
        "11.2",
        "11.4",
        "11.18",
        "13.31",
        "14.5",
        "15.1",
        "15.5",
        "15.17"
      ]
    },
    {
      "list": "अव्ययम्",
      "role": "supporting",
      "other_verses_in_list": [
        "2.21",
        "4.1",
        "4.2",
        "4.14",
        "7.13",
        "7.25",
        "9.2",
        "9.13",
        "9.18",
        "11.4",
        "12.3",
        "12.4",
        "14.5",
        "15.1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "list": "चातुर्वर्ण्यं",
      "role": "supporting",
      "other_verses_in_list": [
        "4.14"
      ]
    },
    {
      "list": "चातुर्वर्ण्यम्",
      "role": "supporting",
      "other_verses_in_list": [
        "4.14"
      ]
    },
    {
      "list": "विद्धि",
      "role": "supporting",
      "other_verses_in_list": [
        "2.17",
        "3.15",
        "3.32",
        "4.14",
        "4.32",
        "4.34",
        "6.2",
        "7.5",
        "7.10",
        "7.12",
        "10.24",
        "10.27",
        "10.41",
        "13.2",
        "13.19",
        "13.26",
        "14.7",
        "14.8",
        "15.12",
        "17.12",
        "18.20",
        "18.21"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "audit_trail": {
    "substrate_version": "v2.6-frozen",
    "fitted_weights": {
      "a": 1.0,
      "b": 0.01,
      "e_v": 0.005,
      "z": 0.2,
      "h": 0.0,
      "th": 0.01
    },
    "corpus_provenance": {
      "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness",
      "panel_witnesses": [
        "bg-mula",
        "bg-shankara",
        "bg-ramanuja",
        "bg-madhva",
        "bg-vedantadeshika",
        "bg-vallabha",
        "bg-jayatirtha",
        "bg-anandgiri",
        "bg-sridhara",
        "bg-madhusudan"
      ]
    },
    "extraction_date": "2026-04-21",
    "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B",
    "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)",
    "post_generation_repairs": [
      {
        "date": "2026-05-03",
        "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (broader heuristic: prefix-√root canonical for all verb-tagged tokens)",
        "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma",
        "loci": [
          "sṛṣṭam: sṛj -> √sṛj",
          "viddhi: vid -> √vid"
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "so_what_questions": [
    "If the guṇa-karma mapping is Kṛṣṇa's own design, does an individual's guṇa-composition determine varṇa at birth, or is varṇa re-assignable as guṇas shift through sādhana — and which schools permit re-assignment?",
    "The akartā claim appears in a verse where Kṛṣṇa explicitly says 'I created' — how do the schools prevent the akartā from collapsing into simple denial of what the first half just asserted?",
    "Śaṅkara's māyā-saṃvyavahāra and Madhva's vailakṣaṇya both resolve the paradox but by incompatible means — what is the minimal empirical or scriptural test that would distinguish them?",
    "Rāmānuja extends sṛṣṭam to cover the full sṛṣṭi-sthiti-saṃhāra cycle. Does that reading require reinterpreting every other creation-verse in the Gītā the same way, or is 4.13 a special case?",
    "Vallabha invokes Brahma-sūtra 2.1.34 (vaiṣamya-nairghṛṇye na) — if karma-bīja dissolves the cruelty objection, what created the original karma differential before any action had been performed?",
    "Madhusūdana's synthesis declares Kṛṣṇa akṣīṇa-mahiman (greatness undiminished) as the payoff of nirahankāra. Does this make Kṛṣṇa's greatness dependent on His non-doership, or is the logical order reversed?",
    "All six schools agree guṇa precedes karma in the verse's compound (guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśaḥ). Does guṇa here refer to the inherited prakriti-constitution of the jīva or to cultivated character — and does the answer change who bears moral responsibility for varṇa placement?"
  ],
  "everyday_applications": {
    "advaita": "When you observe that your personality tendencies (tamas toward inertia, rajas toward ambition) drive your habitual actions, recognize them as the vyāvahārika machinery of guṇa — useful to work with, but not 'you' in paramārtha. Practice assigning the doership of every day's decisions to the guṇas operating through you, then step back as the witnessing awareness (sākṣin) that is, like Kṛṣṇa, avyaya.",
    "viśiṣṭādvaita": "Every role you occupy — manager, parent, student — is a node in Bhagavān's continuously sustained order (sṛṣṭi-sthiti), not a self-chosen identity. Perform each role's duties as kainkarya (service to the antarātman who sustains the whole); when the role ends, release it as Bhagavān releases a withdrawn universe — fully, without residue.",
    "dvaita": "Acknowledge that your capacity to act at all is borrowed from Hari (jīva eternally dependent). When you succeed, route the credit explicitly to Him (nāma-saṃkīrtana after achievement); when you fail, examine which tamasic or rajasic pull caused you to act from your own separate will rather than aligning with His will. The practice is daily accountability to the source.",
    "śuddhādvaita": "Notice the guṇa-mix you woke up with this morning — dull and heavy (tamas), restless and driven (rajas), or clear and light (sattva). Kṛṣṇa gave you those faculties 'mātārtham' (for your sustenance) and 'bhavārtham' (for your becoming); He is not responsible for what you do with them. The practice: before any significant action, identify which guṇa is driving it and whether that aligns with prasāda or with bīja-karma pulling you downward.",
    "bhakti": "Śrīdhara's phalataḥ akartā means Kṛṣṇa does not hunger for the results of His own cosmic activity. Imitate this by completing today's prescribed work (svadharma as your guṇa-indicated role) without checking obsessively whether it 'worked.' Āsakti-rāhitya is not passivity — it is finishing the act cleanly and returning attention to the Beloved rather than to the scoreboard.",
    "advaita-bhakti": "Madhusūdana's synthesis points to a daily integration: hold 'I am not ultimately the doer' (Advaita) at the same moment as 'Kṛṣṇa's greatness is undiminished through my every action' (bhakti). In concrete terms: before each task, whisper the acknowledgment that your guṇa-body is Kṛṣṇa's instrument, perform with full engagement, then close with gratitude that His mahiman is expressed rather than diminished by the work — no fatigue, no depletion, akṣīṇa-mahiman."
  },
  "primary_meaning": "The fourfold order was created by Me, sorted by the qualities people carry and the work those qualities fit, yet know Me as the non-doer, unchanging and untouched by it all."
}