{
  "verse_id": "3.8",
  "mūla": {
    "devanāgarī": "नियतं कुरु कर्म त्वं कर्म ज्यायो ह्यकर्मणः । शरीरयात्रापि च ते न प्रसिद्ध्येदकर्मणः",
    "iast": "niyataṃ kuru karma tvaṃ karma jyāyo hyakarmaṇaḥ | śarīrayātrāpi ca te na prasiddhyedakarmaṇaḥ",
    "chapter_position": "Chapter 3 (Karma-Yoga (The Yoga of Action)), verse 8",
    "speaker": "Krishna",
    "addressed_to": "Arjuna"
  },
  "word_by_word": [
    {
      "surface_form": "yatas",
      "lemma": "yatas",
      "grammar": "",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "यतस्"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "evam",
      "lemma": "evam",
      "grammar": "",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "एवम्"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "atas",
      "lemma": "atas",
      "grammar": "",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "अतस्"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "niyatam",
      "lemma": "ni-√yam",
      "grammar": "accusative neuter singular participle noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "नियतम्"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "kuru",
      "lemma": "kṛ",
      "grammar": "present imperative 2nd person singular verb",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "त्वं हे अर्जुन यतः कर्म ज्यायः अधिकतरं फलतः हि यस्मात् अकर्मणः अकरणात् अनारम्भात्। कथम् शरीरयात्रा शरीरस्थितिः अपि च ते",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "अकर्मणः ज्ञाननिष्ठाया",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "। अकर्मणस्तज्ज्यायः। न हि कर्म विना किञ्चिच्छरीरयात्रादिकमपि सिद्ध्यतीत्यतः कर्मैव भगवदीयेनाऽसक्ततया कार्यम्।",
          "school": "śuddhādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "vallabha"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "। हि यस्मादकर्मणः कर्माकरणात्सकाशात्कर्म ज्यायोऽधिकतरम्। अन्यथा कर्मणः सर्वकर्मशून्यस्य तव शरीरनिर्वाहोऽपि न भवेत्।",
          "school": "bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "sridhara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "। कुर्विति मध्यमपुरुषप्रयोगेणैव त्वमिति लब्धे त्वमिति पदमर्थान्तरे संक्रमितम्। कस्मादशुद्धान्तःकरणेन कर्मैव कर्तव्यम् हि",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "कुरु"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "karma",
      "lemma": "karman",
      "grammar": "accusative neuter singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "प्रकृतिसंसृष्टत्वम् अनादिवासनया",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "कुरु।",
          "school": "dvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhva",
            "jayatirtha"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "श्रौतं स्मार्तं",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "कर्म"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "tvam",
      "lemma": "tvad",
      "grammar": "nominative singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "त्वम्"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "karma",
      "lemma": "karman",
      "grammar": "nominative neuter singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "प्रकृतिसंसृष्टत्वम् अनादिवासनया",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "कुरु।",
          "school": "dvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhva",
            "jayatirtha"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "श्रौतं स्मार्तं",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "कर्म"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "jyāyaḥ",
      "lemma": "jyāyas",
      "grammar": "nominative neuter singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "ज्यायः"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "hi",
      "lemma": "hi",
      "grammar": "",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "हि"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "akarmaṇaḥ",
      "lemma": "akarman",
      "grammar": "ablative neuter singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "अकरणात् अनारम्भात्",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "ज्ञाननिष्ठाया",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja",
            "vedantadeshika"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "अकर्मणः"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "śarīra",
      "lemma": "śarīra",
      "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "शरीर"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "yātrā",
      "lemma": "yātrā",
      "grammar": "nominative feminine singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "यात्रा"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "api",
      "lemma": "api",
      "grammar": "",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "अपि"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "ca",
      "lemma": "ca",
      "grammar": "",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "च"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "te",
      "lemma": "tvad",
      "grammar": "genitive singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "ते"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "na",
      "lemma": "na",
      "grammar": "",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "न"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "prasidhyet",
      "lemma": "pra-√sidh",
      "grammar": "present optative 3rd person singular verb",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "प्रसिध्येत्"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "akarmaṇaḥ",
      "lemma": "akarman",
      "grammar": "ablative neuter singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "अकरणात् अनारम्भात्",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "ज्ञाननिष्ठाया",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja",
            "vedantadeshika"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "अकर्मणः"
    }
  ],
  "intertextual_panel": [
    {
      "verse": "3.5",
      "type": "thematic-cluster continuation",
      "score": 0.9311,
      "feature_breakdown": {
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      "verse": "18.9",
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      "verse": "18.3",
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    {
      "verse": "3.24",
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    {
      "verse": "3.41",
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  ],
  "doctrinal_projections": {
    "advaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "shankara_3.8",
        "anandgiri_3.8"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "Perform the prescribed action (niyata karma) ordained by scripture for one in your station — action is superior to inaction because the latter yields nothing, not even bodily continuance. Śaṅkara reads niyata as the perpetual duty (nitya) specific to one's adhikāra (qualification), and the comparison is functional: inaction is not a neutral state but active deterioration. The argument is strategic — niṣkāma-karma is being defended here as the indispensable purifier before jñāna can arise, not as ultimate end."
    },
    "viśiṣṭādvaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "ramanuja_3.8",
        "vedantadeshika_3.8"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "*Niyatam* here means *vyāptam* — pervaded: *prākṛtisaṃsṛṣṭena hi vyāptaṃ karma*, action pervades the one who is mixed with *prakṛti*, and that admixture is rooted in *anādivāsanā*, beginningless disposition. Because it is *niyata*, karma-yoga is *suśaka* (readily practicable) and *asaṃbhāvitapramāda* (free from likely error); *jñānaniṣṭhā*, by contrast, being *anabhyastapūrvatayā* (never before practised), is *duḥśaka* (difficult to execute) and *sapramāda* (prone to lapse). Hence *karma eva jyāyaḥ*, action itself is superior — and *akarma* here, in line with the context established by *naiṣkarmyaṃ puruṣo'śnute* (BG 3.4), means *jñānaniṣṭhā*, not bare inaction: *akarmaśabdena jñānaniṣṭhā eva ucyate*. A further reason for karma-yoga's superiority: *karmaṇi kriyamāṇe ca ātmayāthātmyajñānena ātmanaḥ akartṛtvānusandhānam* — while action is being performed, interior recognition of the ātman's non-doership through knowledge of its true nature is itself incorporated within karma-yoga, so *ātmajñānasya api karmayogāntargatvāt sa eva jyāyān*. Turning to the second half: if, while qualified for *jñānaniṣṭhā*, one abandons all action, then *akartṛṇas te jñānaniṣṭhasya jñānaniṣṭhopakāriṇī śarīrayātrā api na setsyati* — even bodily subsistence, which supports *jñānaniṣṭhā* itself, will not succeed. Body must be maintained until *sādhanasampatti*; that maintenance demands *nyāyārjitadhanena mahāyajñādikaṃ kṛtvā tacchiṣṭāśanena eva śarīradhāraṇam* — sustaining the body solely on remnants of the great sacrifices performed with legitimately earned wealth — as the śruti confirms: *āhāraśuddhau sattvaśuddhiḥ sattvaśuddhau dhruvā smṛtiḥ*. One who abandons all karma yet is still *dhṛyamāṇaśarīra* (while yet bearing a body) must still perform *mahāyajñādini tyanaimittikam karma*. The compound reasoning: *karmayoge api ātmanaḥ akartṛtva-bhāvanayā ātmayāthātmyānusandhānam antarbhūtam*, and karma-yoga for one *prākṛtisaṃsṛṣṭa* is *suśaka* and *apramāda* — therefore even one qualified for *jñānaniṣṭhā* should practice *karmayoga eva*: *tasmāt tvaṃ karmayogam eva kuru*."
    },
    "dvaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "madhva_3.8",
        "jayatirtha_3.8"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "Madhva is terse to the point of epigrammatic: perform varṇāśrama-prescribed duty (varṇāśramocita karma). The brevity is doctrinal — for Madhva, the jīva's absolute dependence on Hari means that prescribed duty is the precise mode of surrender, and elaboration risks suggesting autonomy. Action is worship; vocation is obedience; there is nothing more to be said."
    },
    "śuddhādvaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "vallabha_3.8"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "Vallabha grounds the imperative in adhikāra (qualification) — because you are a karma-adhikārī, perform niyata karma. The rationale is practical devotion: not even the simplest continuance of embodied life (śarīra-yātrā) succeeds without action, so action itself must be performed bhagavadīya-asaktatā (with non-attachment that is itself Kṛṣṇa-colored). All doing is already within Bhagavān's prasāda-field; the imperative is to act without proprietary attachment, letting each act dissolve into His līlā."
    },
    "bhakti": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "sridhara_3.8"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "Śrīdhara Svāmī identifies niyata karma with nitya karma — the daily obligatory rites such as sandhyopāsanā — emphasizing continuity over heroism. Action is superior to inaction in the most immediate sense: abandon all action and you cannot even maintain the body that carries the devotional life forward. The tone is pastoral and grounding: bhakti is not a shortcut around embodied duty but is sustained by it."
    },
    "advaita-bhakti": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "madhusudan_3.8"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "Madhusūdana Sarasvatī integrates both axes: the tvam (you) in the verse is deliberately emphatic — addressed to one whose antaḥkaraṇa (inner instrument) is not yet purified (prāg-ananusthita-śuddhi-hetu-karmā). Śruta and smārta nityakarma must be performed to purify that inner instrument; only thereafter can jñāna arise. For Arjuna specifically, abandonment of battle would also destroy śarīra-yātrā in the kṣātra-vṛtti sense — the very warrior identity that is his particular mode of being. Inner purification and outer vocation converge in the single imperative: act."
    }
  },
  "prosodic_information": {
    "meter": "other",
    "meter_shift_from_previous": true,
    "meter_shift_to_next": false,
    "pragmatic_context": {
      "vocative": "",
      "preceding_question": "",
      "following_response": ""
    }
  },
  "theme_list_memberships": [
    {
      "list": "अकर्म",
      "role": "supporting",
      "other_verses_in_list": [
        "2.47",
        "3.5",
        "4.16",
        "4.17",
        "4.18",
        "4.23",
        "4.24",
        "5.12",
        "12.17"
      ]
    },
    {
      "list": "ज्यायसी",
      "role": "supporting",
      "other_verses_in_list": [
        "3.1"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "audit_trail": {
    "substrate_version": "v2.6-frozen",
    "fitted_weights": {
      "a": 1.0,
      "b": 0.01,
      "e_v": 0.005,
      "z": 0.2,
      "h": 0.0,
      "th": 0.01
    },
    "corpus_provenance": {
      "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness",
      "panel_witnesses": [
        "bg-mula",
        "bg-shankara",
        "bg-ramanuja",
        "bg-madhva",
        "bg-vedantadeshika",
        "bg-vallabha",
        "bg-jayatirtha",
        "bg-anandgiri",
        "bg-sridhara",
        "bg-madhusudan"
      ]
    },
    "extraction_date": "2026-04-21",
    "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B",
    "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)",
    "post_generation_repairs": [
      {
        "date": "2026-05-03",
        "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (broader heuristic: prefix-√root canonical for all verb-tagged tokens)",
        "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma",
        "loci": [
          "niyatam: niyam -> ni-√yam",
          "prasidhyet: prasidh -> pra-√sidh"
        ]
      },
      {
        "date": "2026-05-05",
        "fix": "mula_avataranika_contamination_strip",
        "scope": "mula.iast, mula.devanagari",
        "old_iast_head": "yataḥ evam ataḥ- niyataṃ kuru karma tvaṃ karma jyāyo hy akarmaṇaḥ | śarīrayātrāpi ca te na prasidhyed akarmaṇaḥ",
        "new_iast": "niyataṃ kuru karma tvaṃ karma jyāyo hyakarmaṇaḥ | śarīrayātrāpi ca te na prasiddhyedakarmaṇaḥ",
        "source": "sd_bgnew.itx (sanskritdocs.org BG mula, ITRANS) via indic_transliteration",
        "reason": "parser fallback path concatenated commentator avataranika prose into mula; surfaced by prosodic-caesura subagent (no '?' or ',' marker, missed by v2 detector)"
      }
    ]
  },
  "so_what_questions": [
    "If niyata karma is station-specific duty, who determines one's station in a post-varṇāśrama social order — and does the verse's logic survive that determination shifting?",
    "Rāmānuja argues karma-yoga already contains jñāna's recognition of akartṛtva; does this collapse the distinction between the two paths, or does it preserve a real difference in emphasis?",
    "Madhva's one-sentence commentary is the shortest in the panel — is brevity here a hermeneutic claim (the verse needs no elaboration) or a symptom of doctrine (complexity implies agent-autonomy)?",
    "Madhusūdana anchors the verse to Arjuna's antaḥkaraṇa impurity — does this make the verse's prescription local to the spiritually immature, or is it universally applicable regardless of purity-level?",
    "Every school agrees that śarīra-yātrā (bodily continuance) would fail without action — is this a pragmatic argument, a metaphysical claim about the nature of embodiment, or both?",
    "Śrīdhara identifies niyata with sandhyopāsanā-class rites; Śaṅkara reads it as all scriptural duty appropriate to one's adhikāra — what hangs on that exegetical difference for how broadly the verse applies?",
    "If Vallabha is right that action performed with bhagavadīya-asaktatā is already within Kṛṣṇa's prasāda, does the distinction between obligatory and non-obligatory action dissolve, or does it sharpen?"
  ],
  "everyday_applications": {
    "advaita": "Do what your role unambiguously requires today — the recurring, non-optional work — without waiting for clarity about ultimate purposes. The argument is negative: avoiding prescribed work does not produce equanimity; it produces deterioration. Act from station, not from inspiration.",
    "viśiṣṭādvaita": "Sustain the ordinary structures that keep the path open: regular schedule, adequate rest, financial basics, maintenance of relationships. Rāmānuja's mahāyajña principle says that even the most advanced practitioner must keep the body and life-support system running; neglect of the ordinary is not renunciation, it is sabotage of sādhanā.",
    "dvaita": "Identify the specific duty your role, family, and community place on you right now — not the most interesting work or the most spiritually charged, but the varṇāśramocita equivalent, the expected thing — and do it precisely. Hari is worshipped through fidelity to particulars, not through the pursuit of the exceptional.",
    "śuddhādvaita": "When a task feels tedious or beneath aspiration, recognize that resistance as attachment to a preferred self-image. Vallabha's asaktatā means releasing the proprietor — the one who decides which tasks are worthy — and letting Kṛṣṇa act through the doing. Begin the task before the resistance resolves.",
    "bhakti": "Re-establish broken daily rhythms: the prayer you stopped, the practice you deferred, the small recurring commitments you let lapse. Śrīdhara's sandhyopāsanā logic says the devotional life is held in place by nitya (daily, recurring) discipline; one irregular day compounds. Restore the rhythm before adding anything new.",
    "advaita-bhakti": "When you are unsettled or unclear about the larger direction, return to the work that is unambiguously yours by role and that directly purifies the inner instrument — the craft practice, the professional competence, the bodily discipline. Madhusūdana's point is that clarity follows purification, not the reverse; doing precedes seeing."
  },
  "primary_meaning": "Do your prescribed duty — action is better than inaction, for without it you cannot even keep your body alive."
}