{
  "verse_id": "3.7",
  "mūla": {
    "devanāgarī": "यस् त्व् इन्द्रियाणि मनसा नियम्यारभते ऽर्जुन | कर्मेन्द्रियैः कर्म-योगम् असक्तः स विशिष्यते",
    "iast": "yas tv indriyāṇi manasā niyamyārabhate 'rjuna | karmendriyaiḥ karma-yogam asaktaḥ sa viśiṣyate",
    "chapter_position": "Chapter 3 (Karma-Yoga (The Yoga of Action)), verse 7",
    "speaker": "Krishna",
    "addressed_to": "Arjuna"
  },
  "word_by_word": [
    {
      "surface_form": "yaḥ",
      "lemma": "yad",
      "grammar": "nominative masculine singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "यः"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "tu",
      "lemma": "tu",
      "grammar": "",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "तु"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "indriyāṇi",
      "lemma": "indriya",
      "grammar": "accusative neuter plural noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "आत्मावलोकनप्रवृत्तेन मनसा नियम्य तैः स्वत",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "इन्द्रियाणि"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "manasā",
      "lemma": "manas",
      "grammar": "instrumental neuter singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "नियम्य आरभते अर्जुन कर्मेन्द्रियैः वाक्पाण्यादिभिः",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "नियम्य तैः स्वत",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "स्मरन् मनसा नियम्येति",
          "school": "dvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhva"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "योगशुद्धेनेन्द्रियाणि दुष्टानि नियम्य कर्मेन्द्रियैः कर्मयोगमसक्तः सन्नारभते स उत्तमः",
          "school": "śuddhādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "vallabha"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "नियम्य ईश्वरप्रवणानि कृत्वा कर्मेन्द्रियैः कर्मरुपं उपायमारभतेऽनुतिष्ठति असक्तः फलाभिलाषरहितः सन् स विन्निष्यते विशिष्ट",
          "school": "bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "sridhara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "सह नियम्य पापहेतुशब्दादिविषयासक्तेर्निवर्त्य मनसा विवेकयुक्तेन नियम्येति वा कर्मेन्द्रियैर्वाक्पाण्यादिभिः कर्मयोगं शुद",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "मनसा"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "niyamya",
      "lemma": "niyam",
      "grammar": "conv",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "आरभते अर्जुन कर्मेन्द्रियैः वाक्पाण्यादिभिः",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "तैः स्वत",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "कर्मेन्द्रियैः कर्मयोगमसक्तः सन्नारभते स उत्तमः",
          "school": "śuddhādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "vallabha"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "ईश्वरप्रवणानि कृत्वा कर्मेन्द्रियैः कर्मरुपं उपायमारभतेऽनुतिष्ठति असक्तः फलाभिलाषरहितः सन् स विन्निष्यते विशिष्टो भवति",
          "school": "bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "sridhara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "पापहेतुशब्दादिविषयासक्तेर्निवर्त्य मनसा विवेकयुक्तेन नियम्येति वा कर्मेन्द्रियैर्वाक्पाण्यादिभिः कर्मयोगं शुद्धिहेतुतया",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "नियम्य"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "ārabhate",
      "lemma": "ā-√rabh",
      "grammar": "present indicative 3rd person singular verb",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "आरभते"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "arjuna",
      "lemma": "arjuna",
      "grammar": "vocative masculine singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "अर्जुन"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "karmendriyaiḥ",
      "lemma": "karmendriya",
      "grammar": "instrumental neuter plural noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "वाक्पाण्यादिभिः",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "इत्यनेनाभिप्रेतं सौकर्यं विशदयति स्वत",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "vedantadeshika"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "कर्मयोगमसक्तः सन्नारभते स उत्तमः",
          "school": "śuddhādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "vallabha"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "कर्मरुपं उपायमारभतेऽनुतिष्ठति असक्तः फलाभिलाषरहितः सन् स विन्निष्यते विशिष्टो भवति",
          "school": "bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "sridhara"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "कर्मेन्द्रियैः"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "karma",
      "lemma": "karman",
      "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "त्यजतो वैशिष्ट्यमक्षरयोजनया स्पष्टयति यस्तु पुनरिति",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "anandgiri"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "कर्म"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "yogam",
      "lemma": "yoga",
      "grammar": "accusative masculine singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "योगम्"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "asaktaḥ",
      "lemma": "asakta",
      "grammar": "nominative masculine singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "सन् फलाभिसंधिवर्जितः सः विशिष्यते इतरस्मात् मिथ्याचारात्",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "फलाभिलाषरहितः सन् स विन्निष्यते विशिष्टो भवति",
          "school": "bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "sridhara"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "असक्तः"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "sa",
      "lemma": "tad",
      "grammar": "nominative masculine singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "स"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "viśiṣyate",
      "lemma": "vi-√śiṣ",
      "grammar": "present indicative pass 3rd person singular verb",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "इतरस्मात् मिथ्याचारात्",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "विशिष्यते"
    }
  ],
  "intertextual_panel": [
    {
      "verse": "3.6",
      "type": "next-verse continuation",
      "score": 0.9326,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8626,
        "theme_graph": 3.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 11.5139,
        "stem_prefix": 4.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "3.42",
      "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel",
      "score": 0.9177,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8577,
        "theme_graph": 1.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 13.9977,
        "stem_prefix": 5.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "3.17",
      "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel",
      "score": 0.9101,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8559,
        "theme_graph": 1.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0708,
        "lemma_overlap": 5.2945,
        "stem_prefix": 3.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "3.9",
      "type": "thematic-cluster continuation",
      "score": 0.9091,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8491,
        "theme_graph": 2.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 2.8108,
        "stem_prefix": 4.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "4.18",
      "type": "lemma-family resonance",
      "score": 0.9054,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8554,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 8.9017,
        "stem_prefix": 5.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "6.4",
      "type": "shared-vocabulary echo",
      "score": 0.8989,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8489,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 6.4629,
        "stem_prefix": 5.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "3.19",
      "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel",
      "score": 0.8986,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8586,
        "theme_graph": 1.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 7.4145,
        "stem_prefix": 3.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "5.2",
      "type": "lemma-family resonance",
      "score": 0.8975,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8575,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 10.7986,
        "stem_prefix": 4.0
      }
    }
  ],
  "doctrinal_projections": {
    "advaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "shankara_3.7",
        "anandgiri_3.7"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "He who is qualified for action but not yet established in knowledge — this Arjuna — restrains the sense-organs (jñānendriyāṇi, the instruments of perception) through the mind (manas, the inner coordinator) and then undertakes karma-yoga through the organs of action (karmendriyāṇi, hands, speech, and the rest), remaining unattached (asakta, free of desire for fruit). Such a one is superior (viśiṣyate) to the hypocrite (mithyācāra) who merely sits still in body while the mind churns with desire. Niṣkāma-karma (desireless action) here is not the goal but the purifying preparation that unfolds into jñāna."
    },
    "viśiṣṭādvaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "ramanuja_3.7",
        "vedantadeshika_3.7"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "One who, with the mind turned inward toward the self (ātmāvalokanapravṛttena manasā), restrains the sense-organs that are naturally prone to their objects — and then, through those very karmendriyāṇi that are inherently action-bent, undertakes karma-yoga without clinging (asaṅgapūrvakam) — is superior even to a person established in jñāna-niṣṭhā. Because his engagement with action carries no possibility of inadvertent error (asambhāvyamānapramādatva), his path is more secure than the jñāna-mārga when the aspirant is not yet fully ripe."
    },
    "dvaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "madhva_3.7",
        "jayatirtha_3.7"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "Even when full renunciation is not possible, one must renounce to the extent of one's capacity (śaktitaḥ tyāga). The mind (manas) is the proximate cause of both bondage and liberation — the anvaya (positive) case is 'he who, remembering through the mind, restrains through the mind'; the vyatireka (negative) case is its converse. Karma-yoga here means action fit to one's own varṇa and āśrama (svavaṛṇāśramocita), and the verse does not restrict this to the householder — the general formulation covers sannyāsa and all other stations equally."
    },
    "śuddhādvaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "vallabha_3.7"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "He who, through a mind purified by yoga (yogaśuddhena manasā), restrains the corrupt (duṣṭāni) sense-organs and thereupon undertakes karma-yoga through the organs of action — remaining unattached (asakta) — is the uttermost practitioner (sa uttamaḥ). The purification of the mind is not a mere moral prerequisite but the direct vehicle of Kṛṣṇa's grace (puṣṭi); without that yogaśuddhi, even outward action remains entangled in the prākṛta (the natural, self-powered realm)."
    },
    "bhakti": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "sridhara_3.7"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "The one who is the opposite of the hypocrite just condemned (etadviparīta) is here extolled: he restrains the jñānendriyāṇi (sense-organs of knowing) through the mind, turning them toward Īśvara (īśvarapravāṇāni kṛtvā), and then engages the karmendriyāṇi in action as a means (upāya) — remaining desirelessly free of craving for fruit (phalābhilāṣarahita). Such a practitioner becomes distinguished (viśiṣṭo bhavati) because through purification of the antaḥkaraṇa (inner organ) he becomes one who truly possesses knowledge (cittaśuddhyā jñānavān bhavati)."
    },
    "advaita-bhakti": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "madhusudan_3.7"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "A man with an impure antaḥkaraṇa (inner organ) who hastily renounces all action out of mere eagerness (autsukyamātreṇa) fails; instead one should, for citta-śuddhi (purification of mind), perform only desireless action (niṣkāmakarmāṇi) as prescribed by śāstra. Restraining both the jñānendriyāṇi (hearing, etc.) from clinging to sound and other objects that are causes of sin, and also the manas itself through viveka (discriminative reason) — and then employing the karmendriyāṇi in karma-yoga prescribed as a means of purification — such a discerning person (vivekī) is superior to the hypocritical renunciant. The wonder, O Arjuna, is this: one restrains the sense-organs of action yet remains purposeless; the other restrains the sense-organs of knowledge and through the action-organs reaches the highest puruṣārtha (human end)."
    }
  },
  "prosodic_information": {
    "meter": "anuṣṭubh",
    "meter_shift_from_previous": false,
    "meter_shift_to_next": true,
    "pragmatic_context": {
      "vocative": "",
      "preceding_question": "",
      "following_response": ""
    }
  },
  "theme_list_memberships": [
    {
      "list": "अर्जुन",
      "role": "supporting",
      "other_verses_in_list": [
        "1.1",
        "2.2",
        "2.54",
        "3.1",
        "3.36",
        "9.19",
        "10.32",
        "10.39",
        "11.50"
      ]
    },
    {
      "list": "असक्तः",
      "role": "supporting",
      "other_verses_in_list": [
        "3.19"
      ]
    },
    {
      "list": "इन्द्रियाणि",
      "role": "supporting",
      "other_verses_in_list": [
        "2.60",
        "3.40",
        "3.42",
        "5.8",
        "5.9",
        "13.5"
      ]
    },
    {
      "list": "कर्मेन्द्रिय",
      "role": "supporting",
      "other_verses_in_list": [
        "3.6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "list": "कर्मेन्द्रियाणि",
      "role": "supporting",
      "other_verses_in_list": [
        "3.6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "list": "नियम्य",
      "role": "supporting",
      "other_verses_in_list": [
        "3.41",
        "6.24",
        "6.26",
        "12.4",
        "18.51"
      ]
    },
    {
      "list": "योगम्",
      "role": "supporting",
      "other_verses_in_list": [
        "2.53",
        "4.42",
        "6.12",
        "6.19",
        "7.1",
        "9.5",
        "11.8",
        "12.11"
      ]
    },
    {
      "list": "संयम्य",
      "role": "supporting",
      "other_verses_in_list": [
        "2.61",
        "3.6",
        "6.14",
        "8.12"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "audit_trail": {
    "substrate_version": "v2.6-frozen",
    "fitted_weights": {
      "a": 1.0,
      "b": 0.01,
      "e_v": 0.005,
      "z": 0.2,
      "h": 0.0,
      "th": 0.01
    },
    "corpus_provenance": {
      "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness",
      "panel_witnesses": [
        "bg-mula",
        "bg-shankara",
        "bg-ramanuja",
        "bg-madhva",
        "bg-vedantadeshika",
        "bg-vallabha",
        "bg-jayatirtha",
        "bg-anandgiri",
        "bg-sridhara",
        "bg-madhusudan"
      ]
    },
    "extraction_date": "2026-04-21",
    "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B",
    "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)",
    "post_generation_repairs": [
      {
        "date": "2026-05-03",
        "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (broader heuristic: prefix-√root canonical for all verb-tagged tokens)",
        "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma",
        "loci": [
          "ārabhate: ārabh -> ā-√rabh",
          "viśiṣyate: viśiṣ -> vi-√śiṣ"
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "so_what_questions": [
    "If manas (mind) must 'restrain' the sense-organs before action begins, what is restraining the manas itself — and does the answer differ across the six schools?",
    "Śaṅkara and Rāmānuja both use 'viśiṣyate' (is superior), but Rāmānuja claims the karma-yogī surpasses even the jñāna-niṣṭhā practitioner — does this overturn the jñāna-over-karma hierarchy that Advaita insists upon?",
    "Madhva specifies svavaṛṇāśramocita karma (action fitting one's station) and extends this to sannyāsa — how does station-bound action as worship of Hari differ structurally from Rāmānuja's kainkarya?",
    "Vallabha alone calls the sense-organs 'duṣṭāni' (corrupt) rather than merely 'wandering' — what theological load does that word carry, and does it imply that unaided human will cannot accomplish the restraint the verse prescribes?",
    "Śrīdhara inserts 'īśvarapravāṇāni kṛtvā' (having turned them toward Īśvara) before action — is this an interpolation, or is it latent in the mūla and the other commentators simply do not surface it?",
    "Madhusūdana's rhetorical contrast (the one who restrains action-organs yet gains nothing vs. the one who restrains knowledge-organs and gains everything) — is this a pedagogical device or a genuine doctrinal claim about the topology of bondage?",
    "All six commentators treat 'asakta' (unattached) as pivotal — yet Vallabha locates the detachment in Kṛṣṇa's grace, while Śaṅkara locates it in the practitioner's own viveka. Is this the same asakta or two structurally different concepts wearing the same Sanskrit word?"
  ],
  "everyday_applications": {
    "advaita": "Before beginning any task — replying to a difficult email, a meeting, a creative project — pause and observe whether the mind is already rehearsing outcomes and rewards. That rehearsal is mithyācāra (the hidden hypocrisy): the body sits at the desk but the mind is already spending the fruit. The practice is to notice the rehearsal, withdraw the mental tendrils from the imagined result, and then act. The action itself does not change; the mind's posture does. Over time this practice thins the identification with outcomes until the questioner 'who wants the result' becomes transparent.",
    "viśiṣṭādvaita": "When you must engage with work that tends to absorb or agitate you — a demanding project, a difficult relationship — begin by redirecting the senses inward toward the self (ātmāvalokana) for even a few breaths, treating this as orienting toward Bhagavān rather than toward the task. Then engage the task with your full capacity but without clinging to a specific outcome. Rāmānuja's insight is practical: this inward orientation before acting actually reduces the probability of error or lapse, because the mind no longer needs to defend a preferred result. The action becomes more accurate, not less engaged.",
    "dvaita": "Identify the duties that arise from your actual station — your roles as parent, colleague, citizen, practitioner — and perform them fully, understanding that capacity for renunciation varies. Where full detachment is not yet possible, renounce proportionally (śaktitaḥ tyāga): reduce attachment in the areas where you have leverage, hold loosely in the areas where you do not. The Madhva frame prevents a false perfectionism: you do not wait until you can renounce everything before acting rightly. You act rightly within your station, with the mind as the regulator, as worship of Hari in whatever measure is currently available.",
    "śuddhādvaita": "Notice that the Puṣṭi-mārga reading reframes the ordinary frustration of 'I keep being pulled back to my desires even when I resolve to act cleanly.' Vallabha's word 'duṣṭāni' (corrupt sense-organs) says: the problem is not weak willpower but that the sense-faculties themselves are already oriented wrongly and cannot self-correct. The practical implication is to stop trying harder through will and instead cultivate the conditions for grace — satsaṅga (association with Bhagavān's devotees), nāma (the name), darśana — and allow the yogaśuddhi of the mind to emerge as gift rather than achievement.",
    "bhakti": "Śrīdhara's phrase 'having turned the sense-organs toward Īśvara' (īśvarapravāṇāni kṛtvā) suggests a concrete practice: before using a faculty — before reading, speaking, or working — briefly consecrate its use to Īśvara. This is not ceremonial; it is a micro-reorientation that changes what the sense-organ is serving. Over time this converts routine perception and action into a form of pūjā. The fruit is cittaśuddhi (inner-organ purification), which Śrīdhara identifies as the mechanism that makes jñāna available — not as a separate attainment but as the natural consequence of sustained, Īśvara-directed karma-yoga.",
    "advaita-bhakti": "Madhusūdana's contrast between the two practitioners maps onto a common modern failure: the person who quits social media, simplifies their life, stops doing — and yet becomes more self-absorbed, more anxious, less effective. That is the restraint of the action-organs while the knowledge-organs are left free to ruminate. The corrective is the inverse: restrain the knowledge-organs (reduce input, speculation, comparison, commentary) and fully engage the action-organs in work prescribed by śāstra — which in a contemporary frame means work that actually serves others, as specified by role and circumstance. Madhusūdana's vivekī (discerning person) is not the quietest practitioner but the most accurately engaged one."
  },
  "primary_meaning": "The one who reins in the senses with the mind and then acts through the organs of action, without clinging to results, is better than the one who merely sits still."
}