{ "verse_id": "3.6", "mūla": { "devanāgarī": "कर्मेन्द्रियाणि संयम्य य आस्ते मनसा स्मरन् | इन्द्रियार्थान् विमूढात्मा मिथ्याचारः स उच्यते", "iast": "karmendriyāṇi saṃyamya ya āste manasā smaran | indriyārthān vimūḍhātmā mithyācāraḥ sa ucyate", "chapter_position": "Chapter 3 (Karma-Yoga (The Yoga of Action)), verse 6", "speaker": "Krishna", "addressed_to": "Arjuna" }, "word_by_word": [ { "surface_form": "karmendriyāṇi", "lemma": "karmendriya", "grammar": "accusative neuter plural noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "हस्तादीनि संयम्य संहृत्य", "school": "advaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "shankara" ] }, { "sense": "वाक्पाण्यादीनि संयम्य निगृह्य बहिरिन्द्रियैः कर्माण्यकुर्वन्निति यावत्", "school": "advaita-bhakti", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "madhusudan" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "कर्मेन्द्रियाणि" }, { "surface_form": "saṃyamya", "lemma": "saṃyam", "grammar": "conv", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "संहृत्य", "school": "advaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "shankara" ] }, { "sense": "निगृह्य यो मनसा भगवद्ध्यानच्छलेनेन्द्रियार्थान् विषयान् स्मरन्नास्ते अविशुद्धतया मनसा आत्मनि स्थैर्यभावात् स मिथ्याचारः", "school": "bhakti", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "sridhara" ] }, { "sense": "निगृह्य बहिरिन्द्रियैः कर्माण्यकुर्वन्निति यावत्", "school": "advaita-bhakti", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "madhusudan" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "संयम्य" }, { "surface_form": "yaḥ", "lemma": "yad", "grammar": "nominative masculine singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "यः" }, { "surface_form": "āste", "lemma": "√ās", "grammar": "present indicative 3rd person singular verb", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "तिष्ठति मनसा स्मरन् चिन्तयन् इन्द्रियार्थान् विषयान् विमूढात्मा विमूढान्तःकरणः मिथ्याचारो मृषाचारः पापाचारः सः उच्यते", "school": "advaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "shankara" ] }, { "sense": "अन्यथा संकल्प्य अन्यथा चरति इति स मिथ्याचारः उच्यते आत्मज्ञानाय उद्युक्तो विपरीतो विनष्टो भवति इत्यर्थः", "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "ramanuja" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "आस्ते" }, { "surface_form": "manasā", "lemma": "manas", "grammar": "instrumental neuter singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "स्मरन् चिन्तयन् इन्द्रियार्थान् विषयान् विमूढात्मा विमूढान्तःकरणः मिथ्याचारो मृषाचारः पापाचारः सः उच्यते", "school": "advaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "shankara" ] }, { "sense": "स्मरन् इत्यनेनार्थसिद्धं", "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "vedantadeshika" ] }, { "sense": "स्मरन् मनसा नियम्येति", "school": "dvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "madhva" ] }, { "sense": "तत्स्मृतेः पुनः", "school": "śuddhādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "vallabha" ] }, { "sense": "भगवद्ध्यानच्छलेनेन्द्रियार्थान् विषयान् स्मरन्नास्ते अविशुद्धतया मनसा आत्मनि स्थैर्यभावात् स मिथ्याचारः कपटाचारो दाम्भि", "school": "bhakti", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "sridhara" ] }, { "sense": "रागादिप्रेरितेनेन्द्रियार्थाञ्शब्दादीन् नत्वात्मतत्त्वं स्मरन्नास्ते कृतसंन्यासोऽहमित्यभिमानेन कर्मशून्यस्तिष्ठति स मिथ", "school": "advaita-bhakti", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "madhusudan" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "मनसा" }, { "surface_form": "smaran", "lemma": "√smṛ", "grammar": "nominative masculine singular present participle verb", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "चिन्तयन् इन्द्रियार्थान् विषयान् विमूढात्मा विमूढान्तःकरणः मिथ्याचारो मृषाचारः पापाचारः सः उच्यते", "school": "advaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "shankara" ] }, { "sense": "य आस्ते अन्यथा संकल्प्य अन्यथा चरति इति स मिथ्याचारः उच्यते आत्मज्ञानाय उद्युक्तो विपरीतो विनष्टो भवति इत्यर्थः", "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "ramanuja", "vedantadeshika" ] }, { "sense": "मनसा नियम्येति", "school": "dvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "madhva" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "स्मरन्" }, { "surface_form": "indriya", "lemma": "indriya", "grammar": "compound (compound member)", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "इन्द्रिय" }, { "surface_form": "arthān", "lemma": "artha", "grammar": "accusative masculine plural noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "अर्थान्" }, { "surface_form": "vimūḍha", "lemma": "vi-√muh", "grammar": "compound participle (compound member)", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "विमूढ" }, { "surface_form": "ātmā", "lemma": "ātman", "grammar": "nominative masculine singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "आत्मा" }, { "surface_form": "mithyā", "lemma": "mithyā", "grammar": "", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "मिथ्या" }, { "surface_form": "ācāraḥ", "lemma": "ācāra", "grammar": "nominative masculine singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "आचारः" }, { "surface_form": "saḥ", "lemma": "tad", "grammar": "nominative masculine singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "सः" }, { "surface_form": "ucyate", "lemma": "√vac", "grammar": "present indicative pass 3rd person singular verb", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "आत्मज्ञानाय उद्युक्तो विपरीतो विनष्टो भवति इत्यर्थः", "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "ramanuja" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "उच्यते" } ], "intertextual_panel": [ { "verse": "3.7", "type": "next-verse continuation", "score": 0.9489, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.86, "theme_graph": 3.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0944, "lemma_overlap": 11.5139, "stem_prefix": 4.0 } }, { "verse": "3.27", "type": "lemma-family resonance", "score": 0.8998, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8598, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 10.9614, "stem_prefix": 4.0 } }, { "verse": "3.42", "type": "shared-vocabulary echo", "score": 0.8966, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8666, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 9.4751, "stem_prefix": 3.0 } }, { "verse": "2.61", "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel", "score": 0.8893, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8493, "theme_graph": 1.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 12.9251, "stem_prefix": 3.0 } }, { "verse": "8.3", "type": "shared-vocabulary echo", "score": 0.8887, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8587, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 5.8508, "stem_prefix": 3.0 } }, { "verse": "2.63", "type": "shared-vocabulary echo", "score": 0.8869, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8669, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 5.7316, "stem_prefix": 2.0 } }, { "verse": "18.49", "type": "semantic neighbor", "score": 0.8864, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8664, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 2.7968, "stem_prefix": 2.0 } }, { "verse": "5.13", "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel", "score": 0.8864, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8364, "theme_graph": 2.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 11.1127, "stem_prefix": 3.0 } } ], "doctrinal_projections": { "advaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "shankara_3.6", "anandgiri_3.6" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "One who restrains the organs of action (karma-indriyāṇi) — hands and the rest — yet sits inwardly rehearsing sense-objects (indriya-arthān) with a deluded mind (vimūḍha-ātmā) is called a hypocrite (mithyācāra). For Śaṅkara the sin is precise: the external posture of renunciation is taken up, but the inner instrument (antaḥkaraṇa) remains turbid with desire, so no purification accrues. Outer silence masking inner noise is not silence — it is a compound lie.", "commentator": "Śaṅkarācārya" }, "viśiṣṭādvaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "ramanuja_3.6", "vedantadeshika_3.6" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Rāmānuja specifies that this person still carries unextinguished sin (avinaṣṭa-pāpatā) and an unconquered inner organ (ajita-antaḥkaraṇa), yet has formally 'entered' the path of ātma-jñāna. Because the mind (manas) is still drawn toward sense-objects (viṣaya-pravaṇatā) rather than toward the self, he wills one thing and does another — and so is called mithyācāra, a self-contradicting practitioner. Rāmānuja warns: the aspirant who begins the path without cleansing his inner faculty does not advance — he merely corrupts himself further.", "commentator": "Rāmānujācārya" }, "dvaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "madhva_3.6", "jayatirtha_3.6" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Madhva treats verses 3.6 and 3.7 together to make a single polemical point: the mind alone is the true agent (manas eva prayojakaṃ), so renunciation of the external organs without renunciation of the mind is no renunciation at all. He adds that karma-yoga here means action proper to one's varṇa and āśrama (sva-varṇāśrama-ucita-karma) — not householder duty alone, since the śāstra also prescribes sannyāsa. The mithyācāra is guilty not merely of hypocrisy but of abandoning the worship of Hari through prescribed duty.", "commentator": "Madhvācārya" }, "śuddhādvaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "vallabha_3.6" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Vallabha extends the indictment: even if one argues that naiṣkarmya (cessation of outer action) is possible through restraint of karma-indriyāṇi, that remains false, because the true form of naiṣkarmya requires cessation of mental activity (mānasa-kriyā-nivartana) — and this cannot happen through outer inaction alone. He cites a supra-verse: sannyāsa is at its root a mental act (mānasā eva), so one who remains mentally engaged with sense-objects while claiming to have renounced is a mūḍha-ātmā — a fool — and vyarthācāra, one whose conduct is simply wasted.", "commentator": "Vallabhācārya" }, "bhakti": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "sridhara_3.6" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Śrīdhara reads the verse as a direct censure of the pretended devotee: one who restrains even the organs of speech and hand (vāk-pāṇy-ādi) yet sits 'meditating on the Lord' (bhagavad-dhyāna-chalena) while his mind is actually running over sense-objects — that person is a kapata-ācāra, a practitioner of deception. The key phrase is chalena ('under the pretext of'): the meditation posture is a disguise. Because the mind has not achieved stillness (sthairya) in the self through purity (aviśuddhatayā), the bhakti-display is a dambha — spiritual exhibitionism.", "commentator": "Śrīdhara Svāmī" }, "advaita-bhakti": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "madhusudan_3.6" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Madhusūdana specifies the psychological mechanism: this person took sannyāsa driven only by eagerness (autsukya-mātreṇa), not by genuine inner purity (aśuddha-citta), so the renunciation bears no fruit. The mind, propelled by rāga-dveṣa (attraction and aversion), keeps rehearsing sense-objects (śabdādīn) — not ātma-tattva — while the man sits under the self-conceit 'I am a renunciant' (kṛta-sannyāso'ham-iti-abhimāna). Madhusūdana clinches with a dharmaśāstra citation: without purity of sattva (sattva-śuddhi), the renunciant falls rather than rises.", "commentator": "Madhusūdana Sarasvatī" } }, "prosodic_information": { "meter": "anuṣṭubh", "meter_shift_from_previous": true, "meter_shift_to_next": false, "pragmatic_context": { "vocative": "", "preceding_question": "", "following_response": "" } }, "theme_list_memberships": [ { "list": "आस्ते", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "5.13" ] }, { "list": "कर्मेन्द्रिय", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "3.7" ] }, { "list": "कर्मेन्द्रियाणि", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "3.7" ] }, { "list": "संयम्य", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "2.61", "3.7", "6.14", "8.12" ] } ], "audit_trail": { "substrate_version": "v2.6-frozen", "fitted_weights": { "a": 1.0, "b": 0.01, "e_v": 0.005, "z": 0.2, "h": 0.0, "th": 0.01 }, "corpus_provenance": { "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness", "panel_witnesses": [ "bg-mula", "bg-shankara", "bg-ramanuja", "bg-madhva", "bg-vedantadeshika", "bg-vallabha", "bg-jayatirtha", "bg-anandgiri", "bg-sridhara", "bg-madhusudan" ] }, "extraction_date": "2026-04-21", "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B", "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)", "post_generation_repairs": [ { "date": "2026-05-03", "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (broader heuristic: prefix-√root canonical for all verb-tagged tokens)", "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma", "loci": [ "āste: ās -> √ās", "smaran: smṛ -> √smṛ", "vimūḍha: vimuh -> vi-√muh", "ucyate: vac -> √vac" ] } ] }, "so_what_questions": [ "If the mind cannot be stilled by outer restraint alone, what is the first inner act that must precede meaningful renunciation?", "Śaṅkara calls mithyācāra a 'compound lie' — to whom is the deception directed: the world, the self, or the divine?", "Rāmānuja says unextinguished sin (avinaṣṭa-pāpatā) corrupts the entire path: at what point in practice does sin count as extinguished?", "Madhva's reading makes the mind the true agent (prayojaka): does this collapse the distinction between karma-yoga and sannyāsa, or sharpen it?", "Śrīdhara names the pose 'bhagavad-dhyāna-chala' — pretended devotion: how do we distinguish genuine meditation from its performance, from outside and from inside?", "Vallabha argues even naiṣkarmya is a mental act: does this imply that complete inaction is impossible, and that the only real question is what the mind is doing?", "All six commentators agree on the diagnosis but diverge on what cures it — jñāna, bhakti, prescribed duty, or grace: what does that divergence itself reveal about bounded polysemy in the Gītā?" ], "everyday_applications": { "advaita": "Before a meeting you put your phone away and sit still — but your mind is scrolling through the conversation you just had. Śaṅkara's point: the physical stillness is meaningless if the inner organ (antaḥkaraṇa) is still running. The practice is to notice the replay loop and drop it — not to manage its appearance.", "viśiṣṭādvaita": "You commit to a course of self-improvement but have not worked through the resentments that drove you to it. Rāmānuja's warning: entering a formal path with an unconquered inner organ (ajita-antaḥkaraṇa) makes the commitment self-contradictory from the first step. Honest inventory of unresolved attachments before beginning is not procrastination — it is prerequisite.", "dvaita": "You step away from a responsibility ('I need a break') while mentally running every scenario of how it might go wrong. Madhva's diagnosis: the mind alone is the agent; the physical exit changes nothing. The practice is to reassign your specific duty (sva-dharma) consciously to the Lord and then actually stop the mental management — or stay and act.", "śuddhādvaita": "You stop checking social media but spend the same hour thinking about what you are missing. Vallabha: the abstention is vyartha (wasted) because the mental engagement continues. The mārga here is not suppression but redirection — give the mind something it can genuinely delight in, so the craving finds a real object rather than a prohibited one.", "bhakti": "You post about your meditation practice while your meditation itself has become a performance for an imagined audience. Śrīdhara names this kapata-ācāra — practice conducted under a pretense (chala). The corrective is to ask: is this sitting for bhagavad-dhyāna or for the image of bhagavad-dhyāna? The answer is felt, not argued.", "advaita-bhakti": "You renounce a habit out of pride ('I am someone who doesn't do that') rather than from genuine dispassion. Madhusūdana identifies the mechanism: autsukya-mātra (mere eagerness) without sattva-śuddhi (purity of the inner faculty) produces the self-conceit of the renunciant rather than actual freedom. The test is whether the absence of the habit brings quiet or a need to be noticed for its absence." }, "primary_meaning": "Whoever holds the organs of action still yet sits inwardly rehearsing sense-pleasures with a deluded mind is called a hypocrite." }