{
  "verse_id": "3.24",
  "mūla": {
    "devanāgarī": "उत्सीदेयुर् इमे लोका न कुर्यां कर्म चेद् अहम् | संकरस्य च कर्ता स्याम् उपहन्याम् इमाः प्रजाः",
    "iast": "utsīdeyur ime lokā na kuryāṃ karma ced aham | saṃkarasya ca kartā syām upahanyām imāḥ prajāḥ",
    "chapter_position": "Chapter 3 (Karma-Yoga (The Yoga of Action)), verse 24",
    "speaker": "Krishna",
    "addressed_to": "Arjuna"
  },
  "word_by_word": [
    {
      "surface_form": "utsīdeyuḥ",
      "lemma": "ut-√sad",
      "grammar": "present optative 3rd person plural verb",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "उत्सीदेयुः"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "ime",
      "lemma": "idam",
      "grammar": "nominative masculine plural noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "इमे"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "lokāḥ",
      "lemma": "loka",
      "grammar": "nominative masculine plural noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "लोकाः"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "na",
      "lemma": "na",
      "grammar": "",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "न"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "kuryām",
      "lemma": "√kṛ",
      "grammar": "present optative 1st person singular verb",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "कुर्याम्"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "karma",
      "lemma": "karman",
      "grammar": "accusative neuter singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "न चेत् कुर्याम् एवम्",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "न कुर्यां तदा मदनुवर्तिनां मन्वादीनामपि कर्मानुपपत्तेर्लोकस्थितिहेतोः कर्मणो लोपेनेमे सर्वे लोका उत्सीदेयुर्विनश्येयुः",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "कर्म"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "ced",
      "lemma": "ced",
      "grammar": "",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "चेद्"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "aham",
      "lemma": "mad",
      "grammar": "nominative singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "अहम्"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "saṃkarasya",
      "lemma": "saṃkara",
      "grammar": "genitive masculine singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "च कर्ता स्याम्",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "च कर्ता स्याम् अता",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "संकरस्य"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "ca",
      "lemma": "ca",
      "grammar": "",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "च"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "kartā",
      "lemma": "kartṛ",
      "grammar": "nominative masculine singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "स्याम्",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "स्याम् अता",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "स्यां भवेयम्",
          "school": "bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "sridhara"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "कर्ता"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "syām",
      "lemma": "√as",
      "grammar": "present optative 1st person singular verb",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "। तेन कारणेन उपहन्याम् इमाः प्रजाः । प्रजानामनुग्रहाय प्रवृत्तः उपहतिम् उपहननं कुर्याम् इत्यर्थः। मम ईश्वरस्य अननुरूपमा",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "अता एव इमाः प्रजा उपहन्याम्। एवम् एव त्वम् अपि शिष्टजनाग्रेसरपाण्डुतनयः युधिष्ठिरानुजः अर्जुनः सन् शिष्टतया यदि ज्ञाननि",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "तेन चेमाः सर्वाः प्रजा अहमेवोपहन्यां धर्मलोपेन विनाशयेयम्. कथंच प्रजानामनुग्रहार्थं प्रवृत्त ईश्वरोऽहं ताः सर्वा विनाशय",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "स्याम्"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "upahanyām",
      "lemma": "upa-√han",
      "grammar": "present optative 1st person singular verb",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "इमाः प्रजाः",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "। एवम् एव त्वम् अपि शिष्टजनाग्रेसरपाण्डुतनयः युधिष्ठिरानुजः अर्जुनः सन् शिष्टतया यदि ज्ञाननिष्ठायाम् अधिकरोषि ततः त्वदाच",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "उपहन्याम्"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "imāḥ",
      "lemma": "idam",
      "grammar": "accusative feminine plural noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "प्रजाः",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "प्रजा उपहन्याम्",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "इमाः"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "prajāḥ",
      "lemma": "prajā",
      "grammar": "accusative feminine plural noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "। प्रजानामनुग्रहाय प्रवृत्तः उपहतिम् उपहननं कुर्याम् इत्यर्थः। मम ईश्वरस्य अननुरूपमापद्येत।।यदि पुनः अहमिव त्वं कृतार्थ",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "प्रजाः"
    }
  ],
  "intertextual_panel": [
    {
      "verse": "3.23",
      "type": "next-verse continuation",
      "score": 0.9736,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8336,
        "theme_graph": 10.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 6.4644,
        "stem_prefix": 4.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "3.22",
      "type": "thematic-cluster continuation",
      "score": 0.9165,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8365,
        "theme_graph": 1.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 12.7522,
        "stem_prefix": 7.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "3.9",
      "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel",
      "score": 0.9133,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8333,
        "theme_graph": 1.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 10.4086,
        "stem_prefix": 7.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "15.18",
      "type": "lemma-family resonance",
      "score": 0.9121,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8321,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 10.4081,
        "stem_prefix": 8.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "18.3",
      "type": "shared-vocabulary echo",
      "score": 0.899,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.839,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 6.6445,
        "stem_prefix": 6.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "10.30",
      "type": "shared-vocabulary echo",
      "score": 0.8932,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8332,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 7.2925,
        "stem_prefix": 6.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "2.47",
      "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel",
      "score": 0.8922,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8422,
        "theme_graph": 2.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 4.66,
        "stem_prefix": 3.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "9.9",
      "type": "shared-vocabulary echo",
      "score": 0.8917,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8417,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 6.6445,
        "stem_prefix": 5.0
      }
    }
  ],
  "doctrinal_projections": {
    "advaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "shankara_3.24",
        "anandgiri_3.24"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "Śaṅkara reads this verse as Kṛṣṇa speaking from the standpoint of the highest Self (Īśvara), not personal ego: if even I, who have nothing to gain, abandoned action, these worlds would collapse (utsīdeyuḥ) for want of karma as the very cause of world-stability (loka-sthiti-nimitta). The result would be varṇa-saṅkara, the disorder born of confusion of social function, and I would be the author of the ruin of these beings (upahanyām imāḥ prajāḥ). Śaṅkara's punchline is structural: even the jñānī whose own kartavya is dissolved retains the duty of loka-anugraha — guiding others — and that obligation alone sustains continued action.",
      "divergence_note": "Śaṅkara: 'loka-sthiti-nimitta-sya karmaṇaḥ abhāvāt… mama Īśvarasya ananu-rūpam āpadyeta' — action is the causal substrate of world-order, and its abandonment ill-befits the Īśvara-nature."
    },
    "viśiṣṭādvaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "ramanuja_3.24",
        "vedantadeshika_3.24"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "Rāmānuja expands the verse socially: Kṛṣṇa speaks as the exemplar (kulochita-karma-kartā) upon whom śiṣṭa-janāḥ (the disciplined) model their conduct — their dharma-niścaya is āyatta (dependent) on his visible practice. If he ceased karma, they would perish not by cosmic collapse but by moral deracination: not knowing their own adhikāra (qualification), they would abandon karma-niṣṭhā and thus be destroyed. The verse therefore carries a social-epistemological warning: the wise must remain visible practitioners so the imperfectly knowing (akṛtsnavidaḥ) are not misled.",
      "divergence_note": "Rāmānuja: 'mad-ācāra-āyatta-dharma-niścayāḥ śiṣṭāḥ akṛtsna-vidaḥ sva-adhikāram ajānantaḥ karma-niṣṭhāyām anadhikurvantaḥ vinaśyeyuḥ.'"
    },
    "dvaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "madhva_3.24",
        "jayatirtha_3.24"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "*Utsīdeyur ime lokā na kuryāṃ karma ced aham* — were Hari to withhold his sustaining *karma* (action), these worlds (*lokāḥ*) would sink (*utsīdeyuḥ*), for every *jīva* (individual self) is *paratantra* (eternally dependent), possessing no agency except what Hari's will upholds moment to moment. *Saṃkara* (the disorder of varṇa-intermixture) names not merely a social disruption but the cosmic unraveling that attends any rupture from Hari's ordaining power. Kṛṣṇa speaks here not as a teacher reasoning from social utility but as *svatantra* (the independently real, self-sufficient) Lord disclosing the *pañca-bheda* (the five-fold real distinction: Lord–jīva, Lord–matter, jīva–jīva, jīva–matter, matter–matter) in motion: the worlds are sustained precisely because their Lord acts; their dependence is ontological, not contingent. *Upahanyām imāḥ prajāḥ* — the destruction of these beings would follow, because *paratantra* jīvas cannot sustain themselves when severed from the Lord's *karma-sphūrti* (the impulsion of divine activity). The verse thus registers the *taratamya* (graded ontological hierarchy) at the cosmological scale: Hari's action is not analogous to a king's duty but is the causal ground without which *paratantra* existence itself dissolves.",
      "divergence_note": "No Madhva or Jayatīrtha bhāṣya on BG 3.24 is extant; reading is voiced directly from Dvaita *siddhānta* primitives off the mūla.",
      "provenance": "siddhānta_reconstruction"
    },
    "śuddhādvaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "vallabha_3.24"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "Vallabha's bhāṣya for this verse is minimal — the manuscript records only 'utsīdeyur iti,' a bare citation of the opening words. In Puṣṭi-mārga terms, however, the verse enacts Kṛṣṇa's own self-disclosure as the one whose ceasing to perform līlā-karma would make the worlds collapse; his continuing to act is not duty but spontaneous grace (anugraha), and the devotee who participates in that karma receives prasāda. [Bhāṣya effectively absent; one-phrase citation only — flagged honestly.]",
      "divergence_note": "Vallabha on 3.24 preserves only 'utsīdeyur iti' — no elaborating commentary available."
    },
    "bhakti": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "sridhara_3.24"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "Śrīdhara Svāmī renders the verse with plain philological force: cessation of karma would cause these worlds to perish (karma-lopena naśyeyuḥ), then varṇa-saṅkara would arise — and Kṛṣṇa declares himself the very author (kartā) of that corruption. The word upahanyām receives the gloss malinī-kuryām — 'I would defile them' — a devotionally charged reading: Bhagavān, the refuge of all beings, would become their destroyer, an intolerable inversion that makes his continued karma an act of compassionate protection.",
      "divergence_note": "Śrīdhara: 'karma-lopena naśyeyuḥ… tasya apy aham eva kartā syām… prajāḥ upahanyām malinī-kuryām.'"
    },
    "advaita-bhakti": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "madhusudan_3.24"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "Madhusūdana synthesizes both streams: as Īśvara, Kṛṣṇa has no personal purpose in action, yet the very fact that Manu and other ṛṣis model their conduct on his (mad-anuvartinām) means his inaction would cascade — world-order (loka-sthiti-hetu) gone, saṅkara born, all prajāḥ destroyed by dharma-lopa. Madhusūdana then adds a rhetorical turn unique to his commentary: the verse also operates as an implicit instruction to Arjuna — 'as I act, so must you who follow me follow in kind (tādṛśa eva anustheyaḥ)' — binding the bhakta's conduct to the Īśvara's as an intimate mimetic bond, not mere rule-following.",
      "divergence_note": "Madhusūdana: 'mama śreṣṭhasya yādṛśa ācāras tādṛśa eva mad-anuvartinā tvayā anuṣṭheyaḥ na svātantryeṇa anyaḥ.'"
    }
  },
  "prosodic_information": {
    "meter": "anuṣṭubh",
    "meter_shift_from_previous": false,
    "meter_shift_to_next": false,
    "pragmatic_context": {
      "vocative": "",
      "preceding_question": "",
      "following_response": ""
    }
  },
  "theme_list_memberships": [
    {
      "list": "अतन्द्रितः",
      "role": "supporting",
      "other_verses_in_list": [
        "3.23"
      ]
    },
    {
      "list": "प्रजा",
      "role": "supporting",
      "other_verses_in_list": [
        "1.1",
        "3.10",
        "10.6",
        "11.31",
        "11.39",
        "18.31"
      ]
    },
    {
      "list": "प्रजाः",
      "role": "supporting",
      "other_verses_in_list": [
        "3.10",
        "3.11",
        "10.6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "list": "समाचर",
      "role": "supporting",
      "other_verses_in_list": [
        "3.9",
        "3.19",
        "3.23",
        "3.26"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "audit_trail": {
    "substrate_version": "v2.6-frozen",
    "fitted_weights": {
      "a": 1.0,
      "b": 0.01,
      "e_v": 0.005,
      "z": 0.2,
      "h": 0.0,
      "th": 0.01
    },
    "corpus_provenance": {
      "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness",
      "panel_witnesses": [
        "bg-mula",
        "bg-shankara",
        "bg-ramanuja",
        "bg-madhva",
        "bg-vedantadeshika",
        "bg-vallabha",
        "bg-jayatirtha",
        "bg-anandgiri",
        "bg-sridhara",
        "bg-madhusudan"
      ]
    },
    "extraction_date": "2026-04-21",
    "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B",
    "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)",
    "post_generation_repairs": [
      {
        "date": "2026-05-03",
        "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (broader heuristic: prefix-√root canonical for all verb-tagged tokens)",
        "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma",
        "loci": [
          "utsīdeyuḥ: utsad -> ut-√sad",
          "kuryām: kṛ -> √kṛ",
          "syām: as -> √as",
          "upahanyām: upahan -> upa-√han"
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "so_what_questions": [
    "If the verse's logic is that leadership-action prevents social chaos, does it obligate every capable person to remain publicly active — or only those whom others actually observe and imitate?",
    "Śaṅkara insists the jñānī retains loka-anugraha as a residual duty after ego-dissolution: is an action performed purely for others' benefit truly niṣkāma (without personal desire), or does altruism itself become a subtle binding?",
    "Rāmānuja's reading pivots on akṛtsnavidaḥ — those who know partially. Does Bhagavad-gītā assume that most practitioners will always remain in this partial-knowing state, and that exemplary action is therefore a permanent structural requirement, not a transitional aid?",
    "Vallabha reduces his commentary to a single phrase, yet Puṣṭi-mārga theology makes Kṛṣṇa's karma the ground of all grace: does the brevity itself communicate that the verse's meaning is already contained in the devotee's direct experience of Kṛṣṇa's will?",
    "The varṇa-saṅkara warning is social, not merely cosmological. How does this verse interact with contemporary questions about institutional leadership — when does a leader's withdrawal from responsibility become the cause of systemic disorder rather than personal liberation?",
    "Madhusūdana's mimetic bond ('as I act, so must you') differs structurally from rule-based ethics: it models conduct on a living exemplar. What is the epistemological status of this kind of moral transmission — and what happens when the exemplar is no longer visible?"
  ],
  "everyday_applications": {
    "advaita": "When you hold authority — as a parent, teacher, or manager — you cannot unilaterally withdraw on grounds that you are 'beyond attachment': the stability of those who depend on your visible functioning is part of the world-order your position subtends. Act without ego-claim, but act.",
    "viśiṣṭādvaita": "Be deliberate about the example you set in your community or workplace, because those with less experience (akṛtsnavidaḥ) will pattern their conduct on yours without asking permission. Your visible practice is a form of dharmic responsibility, not optional self-expression.",
    "dvaita": "Recognize that your capacity to act at all is borrowed from a source larger than your will. Attributing cosmic or social outcomes to your own agency inflates the ego; attributing them to divine sustenance grounds action in humility and prevents the paralysis that comes from over-estimating personal responsibility.",
    "śuddhādvaita": "Participate in the shared rituals and routines of your household or community as an act of devotional presence, not as mere duty. When action is received as grace rather than performed as obligation, the burden of outcome dissolves and the act itself becomes worship.",
    "bhakti": "Take seriously that opting out of your role — whether in family, civic life, or professional community — corrupts (malinī-karoti) the fabric that others rely on. Śrīdhara's gloss 'defile' is deliberately strong: abdication is not neutral withdrawal; it actively degrades what it leaves.",
    "advaita-bhakti": "Find an exemplar whose conduct you can consciously model, and then embody that standard without private reservation — not because the rule demands it, but because you recognize the living continuity between your action and theirs. This is Madhusūdana's mimetic bond made practical: tradition transmits through deliberate imitation."
  },
  "primary_meaning": "If I stopped acting, these worlds would collapse, disorder would overtake them, and I would be the one who destroyed all these people."
}