{ "verse_id": "3.11", "mūla": { "devanāgarī": "देवान्भावयतानेन ते देवा भावयन्तु वः । परस्परं भावयन्तः श्रेयः परमवाप्स्यथ", "iast": "devānbhāvayatānena te devā bhāvayantu vaḥ | parasparaṃ bhāvayantaḥ śreyaḥ paramavāpsyatha", "chapter_position": "Chapter 3 (Karma-Yoga (The Yoga of Action)), verse 11", "speaker": "Krishna", "addressed_to": "Arjuna" }, "word_by_word": [ { "surface_form": "katham", "lemma": "katham", "grammar": "", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "कथम्" }, { "surface_form": "devān", "lemma": "deva", "grammar": "accusative masculine plural noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "इन्द्रादीन् भावयत वर्धयत अनेन यज्ञेन", "school": "advaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "shankara" ] }, { "sense": "मच्छरीरभूतान् मदात्मकान् आराधयतअहं हि सर्वयज्ञानां भोक्ता", "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "ramanuja" ] }, { "sense": "भावयत्", "school": "śuddhādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "vallabha" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "देवान्" }, { "surface_form": "bhāvayata", "lemma": "√bhāvay", "grammar": "present imperative 2nd person plural verb", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "वर्धयत अनेन यज्ञेन", "school": "advaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "shankara" ] }, { "sense": "इति प्रथमस्योत्तरम् देवताराधनं ह्याराधकस्यातिशय", "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "vedantadeshika" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "भावयत" }, { "surface_form": "anena", "lemma": "idam", "grammar": "instrumental masculine singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "अनेन" }, { "surface_form": "te", "lemma": "tad", "grammar": "nominative masculine plural noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "ते" }, { "surface_form": "devāḥ", "lemma": "deva", "grammar": "nominative masculine plural noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "देवाः" }, { "surface_form": "bhāvayantu", "lemma": "√bhāvay", "grammar": "present imperative 3rd person plural verb", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "आप्याययन्तु वृष्ट्यादिना वः युष्मान्", "school": "advaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "shankara" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "भावयन्तु" }, { "surface_form": "vaḥ", "lemma": "tvad", "grammar": "accusative plural noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "वः" }, { "surface_form": "parasparam", "lemma": "paraspara", "grammar": "accusative masculine singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "परस्परम्" }, { "surface_form": "bhāvayantaḥ", "lemma": "√bhāvay", "grammar": "nominative masculine plural present participle verb", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "श्रेयः परं मोक्षलक्षणं ज्ञानप्राप्तिक्रमेण अवाप्स्यथ", "school": "advaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "shankara" ] }, { "sense": "परं श्रेयो मोक्षाख्यम् अवाप्स्यथ", "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "ramanuja" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "भावयन्तः" }, { "surface_form": "śreyaḥ", "lemma": "śreyas", "grammar": "accusative neuter singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "परं मोक्षलक्षणं ज्ञानप्राप्तिक्रमेण अवाप्स्यथ", "school": "advaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "shankara" ] }, { "sense": "प्राप्स्यथेत्यर्थः", "school": "advaita-bhakti", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "madhusudan" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "श्रेयः" }, { "surface_form": "param", "lemma": "para", "grammar": "accusative neuter singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "परम्" }, { "surface_form": "avāpsyatha", "lemma": "√avāp", "grammar": "future indicative 2nd person plural verb", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "। स्वर्गं वा परं श्रेयः अवाप्स्यथ।।किञ्च", "school": "advaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "shankara" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "अवाप्स्यथ" } ], "intertextual_panel": [ { "verse": "3.10", "type": "next-verse continuation", "score": 0.9567, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8267, "theme_graph": 11.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 6.1371, "stem_prefix": 2.0 } }, { "verse": "9.23", "type": "thematic-similarity", "score": 0.8892, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8492, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 2.345, "stem_prefix": 4.0 } }, { "verse": "9.11", "type": "lemma-family resonance", "score": 0.8802, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8402, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 9.6086, "stem_prefix": 4.0 } }, { "verse": "10.22", "type": "shared-vocabulary echo", "score": 0.8801, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8501, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 7.2486, "stem_prefix": 3.0 } }, { "verse": "10.12", "type": "shared-vocabulary echo", "score": 0.8786, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8486, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 8.3248, "stem_prefix": 3.0 } }, { "verse": "2.12", "type": "lemma-family resonance", "score": 0.8778, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8378, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 11.2676, "stem_prefix": 4.0 } }, { "verse": "7.24", "type": "shared-vocabulary echo", "score": 0.8774, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8374, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 7.5363, "stem_prefix": 4.0 } }, { "verse": "3.31", "type": "shared-vocabulary echo", "score": 0.8741, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8341, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 7.7889, "stem_prefix": 4.0 } } ], "doctrinal_projections": { "advaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "shankara_3.11", "anandgiri_3.11" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "By this yajña (sacrifice), nourish the devas (gods) — Indra and the rest — and let those devas nourish you through rain and its fruits. Śaṅkara reads this mutual nourishment as provisional: the immediate gain is svarga (heaven), but the deeper trajectory is mokṣa (liberation) through the sequential path of jñāna-prāpti. Yajña here is not an end but a ladder; the wise performer already holds it lightly, acting without grasping the fruit.", "divergence_note": "Śaṅkara: 'devan indrādīn bhāvayata vardhayata anena yajñena... śreyaḥ paraṃ mokṣalakṣaṇaṃ jñānaprāptikrameṇa avāpsyatha.' Bhāṣya present; reading follows directly." }, "viśiṣṭādvaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "ramanuja_3.11", "vedantadeshika_3.11" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "The devas whom you propitiate through yajña are not independent powers but the very body of Bhagavān — 'macccharīrabhūtān madātmakān.' Rāmānuja insists: the real recipient of every offering is Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa himself, for 'ahaṃ hi sarvayajñānāṃ bhoktā' (9.24). When those body-of-God devas are honored, they in turn sustain you with food and water. The entire circuit is kainkarya (service) within the divine body; the śreyas (highest good) so attained is mokṣa understood as eternal participation in Bhagavān's being.", "divergence_note": "Rāmānuja: 'anena devatārādhanabhūtena devān macccharīrabhūtān madātmakān ārādhayata... paraṃ śreyo mokṣākhyam avāpsyatha.' Bhāṣya present; reading follows directly." }, "dvaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "madhva_3.11", "jayatirtha_3.11" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Madhva's gloss on 3.10–11 is compressed — 'atra arthavādam āha sahayajñā iti' — flagging the passage as arthavāda (laudatory context) rather than a primary injunction. For Dvaita, the essential point stands firm: jīvas (souls) are eternally distinct from and dependent on Hari; yajña performed as dependent worship of Viṣṇu yields gradated results according to the adhikāra (qualification) of the worshipper. Mutual flourishing between humans and devas is real but secondary to the vertical order of dependence on Bhagavān.", "divergence_note": "Madhva: 'atrārthavādamāha sahayajñā iti.' Bhāṣya is minimal; Dvaita framing extrapolated from school doctrine — flagged as inference beyond direct gloss." }, "śuddhādvaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "vallabha_3.11" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Vallabha reads 3.10–11 together as Kṛṣṇa confirming the śruti declaration that yajña is the means for all human aims (sarvapuruṣārthahetu). The devas — understood as Viṣṇu and his manifestations — are to be nourished by yajña; they in turn grant the asked-for good. Crucially, Vallabha rejects the reading that this is kāmya-karma (desire-motivated action); the yajña is niyata-karma (ordained action), and its fruit, the paraṃ śreyas (supreme good), is ātyantikaṃ — absolute, not contingent. Everything flows as prasāda of Puruṣottama's līlā.", "divergence_note": "Vallabha: 'anena yajñena viṣṇvādīn devān bhāvayat. tadā paraṃ śreya ātyantikamavāpsyatha.' Bhāṣya covers 3.10–11 jointly; reading follows directly." }, "bhakti": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "sridhara_3.11" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Śrīdhara focuses tightly on how yajña becomes an 'iṣṭakāmadoha' (wish-fulfilling cow): you sustain the devas with havirbhāga (oblation portions), they sustain you with rain, food, and progeny. The reciprocal loop — 'parasparam anyonyaṃ saṃvardhayantaḥ' — yields the abhīṣṭa (desired end). Śrīdhara reads the verse straightforwardly within the Vedic frame, without collapsing it into a purely advaitic or polemic point; bhakti's inflection is the warmth of gratitude built into the mutual nurturing.", "divergence_note": "Śrīdhara: 'anena yajñena yuvaṃ devān bhāvayata havirbhāgaiḥ saṃvardhayata... evam anyonyaṃ saṃvardhayanto devāśca yūyaṃ ca parasparam śreyobhīṣṭam arthaṃ prāpsyatha.' Bhāṣya present; reading follows directly." }, "advaita-bhakti": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "madhusudan_3.11" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Madhusūdana reads the verse on two levels simultaneously. On the surface, the yajamāna (sacrificer) nourishes Indra and the devas with havirbhāga; the devas nourish him in return through rain and abundance; mutual tarpana (satisfaction) produces the paraṃ śreyas. He explicitly bifurcates that śreyas: for the devas it is tṛpti (satisfaction), for the human it is svarga (heaven) as the 'higher good.' Madhusūdana then folds this into his synthesis: the same karma, performed with non-attachment and Kṛṣṇa-bhakti, points past svarga toward mokṣa — advaitic jñāna is not opposed to devotional yajña but is its inner ripening.", "divergence_note": "Madhusūdana: 'devāstṛptiṃ prāpsyanti yūyaṃ ca svargākhyaṃ paraṃ śreyaḥ prāpsyatha.' Bhāṣya present; reading follows directly." } }, "prosodic_information": { "meter": "anuṣṭubh", "meter_shift_from_previous": true, "meter_shift_to_next": true, "pragmatic_context": { "vocative": "", "preceding_question": "", "following_response": "" } }, "theme_list_memberships": [ { "list": "इष्टकाम", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "3.10" ] }, { "list": "ते देवा भावयन्तु वः", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "3.10" ] }, { "list": "देवान् भावयतानेन", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "3.10" ] }, { "list": "परस्परं भावयन्तः", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "3.10" ] }, { "list": "पुरातनः", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "3.10", "4.3" ] }, { "list": "प्रजाः", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "3.10", "3.24", "10.6" ] }, { "list": "प्रजापति", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "3.10", "11.39" ] } ], "audit_trail": { "substrate_version": "v2.6-frozen", "fitted_weights": { "a": 1.0, "b": 0.01, "e_v": 0.005, "z": 0.2, "h": 0.0, "th": 0.01 }, "corpus_provenance": { "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness", "panel_witnesses": [ "bg-mula", "bg-shankara", "bg-ramanuja", "bg-madhva", "bg-vedantadeshika", "bg-vallabha", "bg-jayatirtha", "bg-anandgiri", "bg-sridhara", "bg-madhusudan" ] }, "extraction_date": "2026-04-21", "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B", "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)", "post_generation_repairs": [ { "date": "2026-05-03", "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (broader heuristic: prefix-√root canonical for all verb-tagged tokens)", "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma", "loci": [ "bhāvayata: bhāvay -> √bhāvay", "bhāvayantu: bhāvay -> √bhāvay", "bhāvayantaḥ: bhāvay -> √bhāvay", "avāpsyatha: avāp -> √avāp" ] }, { "date": "2026-05-05", "fix": "mula_avataranika_contamination_strip", "scope": "mula.iast, mula.devanagari", "old_iast_head": "katham ? devān bhāvayatānena te devā bhāvayantu vaḥ | parasparaṃ bhāvayantaḥ śreyaḥ param avāpsyatha", "new_iast": "devānbhāvayatānena te devā bhāvayantu vaḥ | parasparaṃ bhāvayantaḥ śreyaḥ paramavāpsyatha", "source": "sd_bgnew.itx (sanskritdocs.org BG mula, ITRANS) via indic_transliteration", "reason": "parser fallback path concatenated commentator avataranika prose into mula; manifested as stray '?' or ',' in canonical text; first detected during bandha-matrix render audit", "open_followups": [ "word_by_word may carry avataranika tokens; needs separate sandhi-aware reconciliation pass against cleaned mula", "audit_trail.corpus_provenance claims Belvalkar/Ambuda but parser fallback used commentary; provenance is mis-stated for affected verses" ] }, { "date": "2026-05-05", "fix": "meter_relabel", "scope": "prosodic_information.meter", "from": "other", "to": "anuṣṭubh", "source": "syllabification analysis by prosodic-caesura subagent (Macdonell §504-520, Apte App I)", "reason": "originally labeled 'other'; verse scans as anuṣṭubh (4 pādas × 8 syllables)" } ] }, "so_what_questions": [ "If Śaṅkara treats yajña as merely preparatory for jñāna, does performing it with full attention already constitute jñāna in action — or does the ladder metaphor imply yajña is dispensable once jñāna dawns?", "Rāmānuja's claim that devas are the body of Bhagavān transforms ecology into theology: does the mutual-nourishment circuit (rain → grain → oblation → rain) describe a natural process, a theological one, or is that distinction itself the thing being dissolved?", "Madhva flags the verse as arthavāda (laudatory context); what is at stake theologically if the mutual-nourishment passage is praise-poetry rather than injunction — does it weaken or strengthen the case for yajña?", "All six schools converge on 'paraṃ śreyas' as the endpoint, yet Śaṅkara reads mokṣa, Madhusūdana reads svarga-then-mokṣa, and Śrīdhara reads abhīṣṭa-artha (desired aim). What does the word śreyas itself preserve that 'good' or 'welfare' flattens out?", "Vallabha insists this is niyata-karma (ordained action) not kāmya-karma (desire-action): is the recipient of the fruit the same person in both cases, or does niyata-karma erase the very subject who desires?", "The verse encodes a reciprocal economy (bhāvayata → bhāvayantu). Which contemporary systems — ecological, economic, communal — still run on explicit reciprocity logic, and what breaks when that explicitness is lost?", "Madhusūdana's two-level reading (tṛpti for devas, svarga for humans) suggests different beings have different grades of śreyas from the same act. Does this gradation validate hierarchy or does it describe differentiated participation in a single event?" ], "everyday_applications": { "advaita": "When performing any obligatory act — filing taxes, caring for aging parents, showing up to routine work — do it fully without auditing the return. Śaṅkara's logic: the action maintains the world's fabric; your non-attachment is the inner yajña that quietly erodes the ego. The gain is not the result but the loosening of grasping itself.", "viśiṣṭādvaita": "Treat every institution you serve — team, family, community — as part of a larger living body in which Bhagavān is the inner Self. Your effort sustains it; it sustains you. Rāmānuja's contribution: the service is not transactional but participatory — you are not trading with the body, you are the body serving itself.", "dvaita": "Acknowledge dependence clearly: you are not self-sufficient. Madhva's practical edge is epistemic humility — your abilities, your rain, your bread are not yours by right. Build gratitude into every routine by naming the actual sources of what sustains you, then act from that named dependence rather than assumed autonomy.", "śuddhādvaita": "Perform your household duties — cooking, earning, child-rearing — as prasāda (grace-offering) rather than as transactions. Vallabha's point: the ordained tasks of your station are already the path; no separate spiritual practice is required. The ātyantikaṃ śreyas (absolute good) is available inside the ordinary, not beyond it.", "bhakti": "Śrīdhara's reciprocity is practical: whatever you receive — a meal, a salary, a sunny day — was produced by someone else's labor or grace. Build reciprocity into daily life explicitly: acknowledge it, return it, pass it forward. The devotional coloring is gratitude as a living posture, not a one-time transaction.", "advaita-bhakti": "Madhusūdana's two-register reading suggests you can hold both pragmatic and transcendent frames simultaneously. Attend fully to the practical exchange — do your work well, honor your obligations — while inwardly orienting toward the larger aim. The svarga (immediate flourishing) and mokṣa (liberation) are not competing goals but nested ones: excel at the near, hold the far." }, "primary_meaning": "Nourish the gods through sacrifice, and they will nourish you in return; by sustaining each other this way, you will reach the highest good." }