{
  "verse_id": "2.22",
  "mūla": {
    "devanāgarī": "वासांसि जीर्णानि यथा विहाय नवानि गृह्णाति नरो ऽपराणि | तथा शरीराणि विहाय जीर्णानि अन्यानि संयाति नवानि देही",
    "iast": "vāsāṃsi jīrṇāni yathā vihāya navāni gṛhṇāti naro 'parāṇi | tathā śarīrāṇi vihāya jīrṇāni anyāni saṃyāti navāni dehī",
    "chapter_position": "Chapter 2 (Sāṅkhya-Yoga (The Yoga of Knowledge)), verse 22",
    "speaker": "Krishna",
    "addressed_to": "Arjuna"
  },
  "word_by_word": [
    {
      "surface_form": "vāsāṃsi",
      "lemma": "vāsas",
      "grammar": "accusative neuter plural noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "वस्त्राणि जीर्णानि दुर्बलतां गतानि यथा लोके विहाय परित्यज्य नवानि अभिनवानि गृह्णाति उपादत्ते नरः पुरुषः अपराणि अन्यानि",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "विहाय नवानि कल्याणानि वासांसि गृह्णताम् इव हर्षनिमित्तिम्",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "विहायापराणि नवानि गृह्णाति तथा देही जीव आत्मा जीर्णानि शरीराणि त्यक्त्वाऽन्यानि नवानि प्राप्नोति",
          "school": "śuddhādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "vallabha"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "वासांसि"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "jīrṇāni",
      "lemma": "jīrṇa",
      "grammar": "accusative neuter plural noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "दुर्बलतां गतानि यथा लोके विहाय परित्यज्य नवानि अभिनवानि गृह्णाति उपादत्ते नरः पुरुषः अपराणि अन्यानि तथा तद्वदेव शरीराणि",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara",
            "anandgiri"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "वासांसि विहाय नवानि कल्याणानि वासांसि गृह्णताम् इव हर्षनिमित्तिम्",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "वासांसि विहायापराणि नवानि गृह्णाति तथा देही जीव आत्मा जीर्णानि शरीराणि त्यक्त्वाऽन्यानि नवानि प्राप्नोति",
          "school": "śuddhādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "vallabha"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "विहाय वस्त्राणि नवानि गृह्णाति विक्रियाशून्य",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "जीर्णानि"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "yathā",
      "lemma": "yathā",
      "grammar": "",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "यथा"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "vihāya",
      "lemma": "vihā",
      "grammar": "conv",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "परित्यज्य नवानि अभिनवानि गृह्णाति उपादत्ते नरः पुरुषः अपराणि अन्यानि तथा तद्वदेव शरीराणि विहाय जीर्णानि अन्यानि संयाति",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "नवानि कल्याणानि वासांसि गृह्णताम् इव हर्षनिमित्तिम्",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "वस्त्राणि नवानि गृह्णाति विक्रियाशून्य",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "विहाय"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "navāni",
      "lemma": "nava",
      "grammar": "accusative neuter plural noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "अभिनवानि गृह्णाति उपादत्ते नरः पुरुषः अपराणि अन्यानि तथा तद्वदेव शरीराणि विहाय जीर्णानि अन्यानि संयाति संगच्छति नवानि द",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "कल्याणानि वासांसि गृह्णताम् इव हर्षनिमित्तिम्",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "गृह्णाति तथा देही जीव आत्मा जीर्णानि शरीराणि त्यक्त्वाऽन्यानि नवानि प्राप्नोति",
          "school": "śuddhādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "vallabha"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "गृह्णाति विक्रियाशून्य",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "नवानि"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "gṛhṇāti",
      "lemma": "√grah",
      "grammar": "present indicative 3rd person singular verb",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "उपादत्ते नरः पुरुषः अपराणि अन्यानि तथा तद्वदेव शरीराणि विहाय जीर्णानि अन्यानि संयाति संगच्छति नवानि देही आत्मा पुरुषवत्",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "तथा देही जीव आत्मा जीर्णानि शरीराणि त्यक्त्वाऽन्यानि नवानि प्राप्नोति",
          "school": "śuddhādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "vallabha"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "विक्रियाशून्य",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "गृह्णाति"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "naraḥ",
      "lemma": "nara",
      "grammar": "nominative masculine singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "नरः"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "aparāṇi",
      "lemma": "apara",
      "grammar": "accusative neuter plural noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "अपराणि"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "tathā",
      "lemma": "tathā",
      "grammar": "",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "तथा"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "śarīrāṇi",
      "lemma": "śarīra",
      "grammar": "accusative neuter plural noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "विहाय जीर्णानि अन्यानि संयाति संगच्छति नवानि देही आत्मा पुरुषवत् अविक्रिय एवेत्यर्थः",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara",
            "anandgiri"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "त्यक्त्वाऽन्यानि नवानि प्राप्नोति",
          "school": "śuddhādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "vallabha"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "शरीराणि"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "vihāya",
      "lemma": "vihā",
      "grammar": "conv",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "परित्यज्य नवानि अभिनवानि गृह्णाति उपादत्ते नरः पुरुषः अपराणि अन्यानि तथा तद्वदेव शरीराणि विहाय जीर्णानि अन्यानि संयाति",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "नवानि कल्याणानि वासांसि गृह्णताम् इव हर्षनिमित्तिम्",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "वस्त्राणि नवानि गृह्णाति विक्रियाशून्य",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "विहाय"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "jīrṇāni",
      "lemma": "jīrṇa",
      "grammar": "accusative neuter plural noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "दुर्बलतां गतानि यथा लोके विहाय परित्यज्य नवानि अभिनवानि गृह्णाति उपादत्ते नरः पुरुषः अपराणि अन्यानि तथा तद्वदेव शरीराणि",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara",
            "anandgiri"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "वासांसि विहाय नवानि कल्याणानि वासांसि गृह्णताम् इव हर्षनिमित्तिम्",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "वासांसि विहायापराणि नवानि गृह्णाति तथा देही जीव आत्मा जीर्णानि शरीराणि त्यक्त्वाऽन्यानि नवानि प्राप्नोति",
          "school": "śuddhādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "vallabha"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "विहाय वस्त्राणि नवानि गृह्णाति विक्रियाशून्य",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "जीर्णानि"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "anyāni",
      "lemma": "anya",
      "grammar": "accusative neuter plural noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "तथा तद्वदेव शरीराणि विहाय जीर्णानि अन्यानि संयाति संगच्छति नवानि देही आत्मा पुरुषवत् अविक्रिय एवेत्यर्थः",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "देवादिशरीराणि सर्वोत्कृष्टानि चिरोपार्जितधर्मफलभोगाय संयाति सम्यक् गर्भवासादिक्लेशव्यतिरेकेण प्राप्नोति",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "अन्यानि"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "saṃyāti",
      "lemma": "saṃ-√yā",
      "grammar": "present indicative 3rd person singular verb",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "संगच्छति नवानि देही आत्मा पुरुषवत् अविक्रिय एवेत्यर्थः",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "सम्यक् गर्भवासादिक्लेशव्यतिरेकेण प्राप्नोति",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "संयाति"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "navāni",
      "lemma": "nava",
      "grammar": "accusative neuter plural noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "अभिनवानि गृह्णाति उपादत्ते नरः पुरुषः अपराणि अन्यानि तथा तद्वदेव शरीराणि विहाय जीर्णानि अन्यानि संयाति संगच्छति नवानि द",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "कल्याणानि वासांसि गृह्णताम् इव हर्षनिमित्तिम्",
          "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "ramanuja"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "गृह्णाति तथा देही जीव आत्मा जीर्णानि शरीराणि त्यक्त्वाऽन्यानि नवानि प्राप्नोति",
          "school": "śuddhādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "vallabha"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "गृह्णाति विक्रियाशून्य",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "नवानि"
    },
    {
      "surface_form": "dehī",
      "lemma": "dehin",
      "grammar": "nominative masculine singular noun",
      "senses_attested_in_panel": [
        {
          "sense": "आत्मा पुरुषवत् अविक्रिय एवेत्यर्थः",
          "school": "advaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "shankara"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "जीव आत्मा जीर्णानि शरीराणि त्यक्त्वाऽन्यानि नवानि प्राप्नोति",
          "school": "śuddhādvaita",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "vallabha"
          ]
        },
        {
          "sense": "प्रकृष्टधर्मानुष्ठातृदेहवान्भीष्मादिरित्यर्थः",
          "school": "advaita-bhakti",
          "weight": 0.8,
          "witnesses": [
            "madhusudan"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "theme_lists": [],
      "surface_devanagari": "देही"
    }
  ],
  "intertextual_panel": [
    {
      "verse": "15.8",
      "type": "shared-vocabulary echo",
      "score": 0.8739,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8439,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 14.7969,
        "stem_prefix": 3.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "11.28",
      "type": "shared-vocabulary echo",
      "score": 0.8644,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8344,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 10.406,
        "stem_prefix": 3.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "11.29",
      "type": "shared-vocabulary echo",
      "score": 0.8639,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8439,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 6.4954,
        "stem_prefix": 2.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "2.13",
      "type": "shared-vocabulary echo",
      "score": 0.8631,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8331,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 10.0493,
        "stem_prefix": 3.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "5.13",
      "type": "shared-vocabulary echo",
      "score": 0.8583,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8283,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 12.6279,
        "stem_prefix": 3.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "3.38",
      "type": "shared-vocabulary echo",
      "score": 0.8539,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8339,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 6.4954,
        "stem_prefix": 2.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "18.15",
      "type": "shared-vocabulary echo",
      "score": 0.8537,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.8337,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 6.9339,
        "stem_prefix": 2.0
      }
    },
    {
      "verse": "17.6",
      "type": "thematic-similarity",
      "score": 0.853,
      "feature_breakdown": {
        "cosine": 0.823,
        "theme_graph": 0.0,
        "vocative": 0.0,
        "substring": 0.0,
        "lemma_overlap": 4.4702,
        "stem_prefix": 3.0
      }
    }
  ],
  "doctrinal_projections": {
    "advaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "shankara_2.22",
        "anandgiri_2.22"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "As a person (nara) discards worn garments (jīrṇāni vāsāṃsi) and takes up others that are new, so the ātman — itself entirely without modification (avikriya) — moves into other bodies. Śaṅkara's gloss is unsparing: the body-change no more alters the ātman than a traveller's change of clothes alters the traveller; the compound 'dehi' (the embodied one) names the witness, never the garment. The entire drama of birth and death is therefore a drama of appearances, not a drama of the real (sat), and grief over the fallen body is grief over the discarded coat.",
      "commentator": "Śaṅkarācārya"
    },
    "viśiṣṭādvaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "ramanuja_2.22",
        "vedantadeshika_2.22"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "Those who fall in dharma-yuddha (righteous battle) obtain bodies of greater auspiciousness (adhikatara-kalyāṇa-śarīra) — Rāmānuja's commentary reads the exchange not as mere neutrality but as harṣa-nimitta, a ground for joy. Just as a person exchanges worn garments for fresh, beautiful ones with gladness, the jīva — which is Bhagavān's body (śarīra) and therefore dear to Him — ascends to a more fit instrument for further kainkaryam (service). The prior verse's 'avināśi' (imperishable) is here confirmed as pointing toward the jīva's positive onward trajectory within Bhagavān.",
      "commentator": "Rāmānujācārya"
    },
    "dvaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "madhva_2.22",
        "jayatirtha_2.22"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "Madhva's terse annotation labels the verse a dṛṣṭānta (illustrative analogy) offered to generate in the listener the direct experience of the distinction between the body and the ātman (dehātma-viveka-anubhava). The jīva is eternally, categorically distinct from both the body and from Hari; it depends entirely on Hari's independent will (svatantra-icchā) for each successive embodiment. The garment is the body; the person (nara) is the bound jīva; Hari, the wearer's custodian, is not mentioned in the verse but is the unstated premise who alone decides which 'garment' is next fitted.",
      "commentator": "Madhvācārya"
    },
    "śuddhādvaita": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "vallabha_2.22"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "Vallabha responds to the objection that even if the ātman is imperishable, one may grieve over the bodies that are the instruments of the ātman's experience (bhoga-sādhana-deha). His reply via this verse: karma itself (karma-nibandhanāni) makes the arising of new bodies unavoidable; a worn body's fall therefore carries no legitimate grief-occasion (śoka-avakāśa). Bodies are Kṛṣṇa's prasāda, instruments of His līlā; their renewal is itself Kṛṣṇa's creative act. Just as the jīva does not mourn old garments when fresh ones arrive, the devotee who rests in Kṛṣṇa's will finds in every body-change only the continuity of divine abundance.",
      "commentator": "Vallabhācārya"
    },
    "bhakti": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "sridhara_2.22"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "Śrīdhara frames the verse as a direct answer to the objection: 'even if the ātman is imperishable, I grieve over the destruction of its associated body.' His philological response is compact — karma-nibandha (karma-bound obligation) makes new bodies unavoidable, so there is simply no foothold (avakāśa) for grief at an old body's end. The garment image is devotionally transparent: the same self that wears these temporary forms remains the beloved of Bhagavān, constant through each exchange, and the devotee's relationship with that self — and with its Lord — is not severed by any change of bodily dress.",
      "commentator": "Śrīdhara Svāmī"
    },
    "advaita-bhakti": {
      "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
      "key_cross_references": [],
      "witness_passages": [
        "madhusudan_2.22"
      ],
      "score": 0.5,
      "english_rendering": "Madhusūdana performs the most elaborate reading in the panel. The qualifier 'aparāṇi' (others, distinct) in the verse is not redundant — it signals superior garments, not merely different ones. Bhīṣma and the other mahārathis, worn down by lifelong dharmic effort (dharma-anuṣṭhāna-kleśa), are unable in their present bodies to enjoy the fruits of their accumulated merit; by dying in yuddha-dharma they shed those worn forms and ascend to deva-bodies (divya-deha) that are fit to receive those fruits, citing Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad ('anyat navataram kalyāṇataraṃ rūpaṃ kurute'). Arjuna's act is thus supreme welfare (atyantam upakāra) for the very men he fears to destroy. Jñāna and bhakti converge: the non-dual ātman's immutability (avikriyatva) is established by the analogy, while the personal Lord's purpose — orchestrating superior rebirth for great souls — gives the analogy its emotional warmth.",
      "commentator": "Madhusūdana Sarasvatī"
    }
  },
  "prosodic_information": {
    "meter": "upajāti",
    "meter_shift_from_previous": true,
    "meter_shift_to_next": true,
    "pragmatic_context": {
      "vocative": "",
      "preceding_question": "",
      "following_response": ""
    }
  },
  "theme_list_memberships": [
    {
      "list": "जन्मना",
      "role": "supporting",
      "other_verses_in_list": [
        "7.19"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "audit_trail": {
    "substrate_version": "v2.6-frozen",
    "fitted_weights": {
      "a": 1.0,
      "b": 0.01,
      "e_v": 0.005,
      "z": 0.2,
      "h": 0.0,
      "th": 0.01
    },
    "corpus_provenance": {
      "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness",
      "panel_witnesses": [
        "bg-mula",
        "bg-shankara",
        "bg-ramanuja",
        "bg-madhva",
        "bg-vedantadeshika",
        "bg-vallabha",
        "bg-jayatirtha",
        "bg-anandgiri",
        "bg-sridhara",
        "bg-madhusudan"
      ]
    },
    "extraction_date": "2026-04-21",
    "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B",
    "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)",
    "post_generation_repairs": [
      {
        "date": "2026-05-03",
        "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (broader heuristic: prefix-√root canonical for all verb-tagged tokens)",
        "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma",
        "loci": [
          "gṛhṇāti: grah -> √grah",
          "saṃyāti: saṃyā -> saṃ-√yā"
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "so_what_questions": [
    "The verse says the ātman 'moves to' new bodies — but if the ātman is all-pervading (vibhu) as Advaita holds, what exactly is doing the moving, and is 'movement' even the right category here?",
    "Madhusūdana argues that dying in battle gives Bhīṣma a superior body to enjoy accumulated dharma-fruit — does this turn the battlefield into an instrument of grace? And does that logic hold for Duryodhana's side as well?",
    "If karma-nibandha (karma-obligation) makes new bodies unavoidable (Vallabha, Śrīdhara), what determines whether the next 'garment' is better or worse — and does the quality of the present body's final action bear on that?",
    "Rāmānuja reads body-change as harṣa-nimitta (ground for joy), not mere neutrality — but this assumes the next body is superior. What does Viśiṣṭādvaita say happens when the departed soul's karma calls for a lesser birth?",
    "All six commentators use the analogy to deflect grief — but the person changing clothes knows they are changing them. The jīva typically does not remember previous bodies. Does the absence of trans-incarnational memory change the force of the analogy?",
    "Madhva confines this verse to establishing jīva-body distinction and leaves jīva-Hari distinction for elsewhere. Is the analogy structurally incomplete on Dvaita's own terms — does it prove less than Kṛṣṇa intends?",
    "The garment analogy implies a pre-existing person who chooses the new garment. Which school is most comfortable with that implication, and which school has to qualify it most heavily?"
  ],
  "everyday_applications": {
    "advaita": "When a role you have inhabited for years — parent of young children, active professional, inhabitant of a particular city — ends or transforms, Advaita's instruction is to notice the layer that has not changed: the awareness watching the role arrive and depart. Grief at the role's ending is structurally the same error as grief at the body's ending — mistaking the upādhi (limiting adjunct) for the self. The practice is not suppression of feeling but precise investigation: 'which part of me is actually threatened here?'",
    "viśiṣṭādvaita": "A career transition, a marriage, a move to a new city — Viśiṣṭādvaita reads these as Bhagavān providing a 'more auspicious instrument' for continued service (kainkaryam). The practitioner's daily task is to greet the new context not with anxiety about what was left behind but with the question: 'What form of service does this new situation uniquely make possible?' The change itself is trusted as providential precisely because the jīva is Bhagavān's own body.",
    "dvaita": "Madhva's application is forensic: before acting in any significant situation, establish clearly what belongs to the body-instrument and what belongs to the jīva, and then establish what belongs to neither — to Hari alone. A Dvaita practitioner facing physical illness, for instance, is trained not to conflate 'my body is suffering' with 'I am suffering,' and not to conflate either with 'Hari is absent.' The three are permanently distinct; clarity across all three is the mark of viveka (discrimination) that this verse is designed to produce.",
    "śuddhādvaita": "Vallabha's application centres on grief-dissolution through recognition of divine abundance. When something you have relied upon as a vehicle of joy — a relationship, a creative project, a community — reaches its natural end, Puṣṭi-mārga's counsel is not stoic detachment but active recognition: Kṛṣṇa's generative will has already been providing new forms of His prasāda throughout your life, as karma required, and will continue to do so. The ending is not impoverishment; it is the moment before the next gift becomes visible.",
    "bhakti": "Śrīdhara's bhakti application is relational: the constancy of the self across body-changes is the ground for trusting that one's relationship with the Lord is equally constant. For the practitioner, this means that loss — of a devotee-friend, of a temple community, of a teacher — does not sever the underlying bond with Bhagavān. The specific form of the sādhana-relationship may change; its root in the self's devotion to the Lord does not. Grief is therefore answerable by remembering that what is dear is still present at the level that matters.",
    "advaita-bhakti": "Madhusūdana's synthesis applies to situations where one is the agent of another's painful transition — the doctor delivering a diagnosis, the leader restructuring an organization, the parent enforcing a necessary boundary. The Advaita-bhakti frame asks: might this difficult act actually be equipping this person with a 'superior instrument' for the next stage of their journey? The question does not justify cruelty, but it dissolves the paralysis of compassion-as-aversion. Acting in full knowledge of the ātman's indestructibility and the Lord's purposive care makes one an instrument of atyanta-upakāra (supreme benefit) rather than a perpetrator of harm."
  },
  "primary_meaning": "Just as a person sheds worn clothes and puts on new ones, the soul leaves worn-out bodies and takes up others."
}