{ "verse_id": "1.22", "mūla": { "devanāgarī": "यावद् एतान् निरीक्षे ऽहं योद्धु-कामान् अवस्थितान् | कैर् मया सह योद्धव्यम् अस्मिन् रण-समुद्यमे", "iast": "yāvad etān nirīkṣe 'haṃ yoddhu-kāmān avasthitān | kair mayā saha yoddhavyam asmin raṇa-samudyame", "chapter_position": "Chapter 1 (Arjuna-Viṣāda-Yoga (The Yoga of Arjuna's Despondency)), verse 22", "speaker": "Arjuna", "addressed_to": "Krishna" }, "word_by_word": [ { "surface_form": "yāvat", "lemma": "yāvat", "grammar": "", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "यावत्" }, { "surface_form": "etān", "lemma": "etad", "grammar": "accusative masculine plural noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "एतान्" }, { "surface_form": "nirīkṣe", "lemma": "nir-√īkṣ", "grammar": "present indicative 1st person singular verb", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "इत्यत्रोपसर्गार्थः यथावदिति दर्शितः", "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "vedantadeshika" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "निरीक्षे" }, { "surface_form": "aham", "lemma": "mad", "grammar": "nominative singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "अहम्" }, { "surface_form": "yoddhu", "lemma": "yoddhu", "grammar": "compound (compound member)", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "योद्धु" }, { "surface_form": "kāmān", "lemma": "kāma", "grammar": "accusative masculine plural noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "कामान्" }, { "surface_form": "avasthitān", "lemma": "ava-√sthā", "grammar": "accusative masculine plural participle noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "नतु भयात्प्रचलितानेतान्भीष्मद्रोणादीन्यावद्गत्वाहं निरीक्षितुं क्षमः स्यां तावत्प्रदेशे रथं स्थापयेत्यर्थः", "school": "advaita-bhakti", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "madhusudan" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "अवस्थितान्" }, { "surface_form": "kaiḥ", "lemma": "ka", "grammar": "instrumental masculine plural noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "कैः" }, { "surface_form": "mayā", "lemma": "mad", "grammar": "instrumental singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "मया" }, { "surface_form": "saha", "lemma": "saha", "grammar": "", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "सह" }, { "surface_form": "yoddhavyam", "lemma": "yudh", "grammar": "nominative neuter singular gdv noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "योद्धव्यम्" }, { "surface_form": "asmin", "lemma": "idam", "grammar": "locative masculine singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "अस्मिन्" }, { "surface_form": "raṇa", "lemma": "raṇa", "grammar": "compound (compound member)", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "रण" }, { "surface_form": "samudyame", "lemma": "samudyama", "grammar": "locative masculine singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "समुद्यमे" } ], "intertextual_panel": [ { "verse": "1.21", "type": "next-verse continuation", "score": 0.8908, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8308, "theme_graph": 4.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 1.9889, "stem_prefix": 2.0 } }, { "verse": "1.23", "type": "next-verse continuation", "score": 0.8854, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8454, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 8.9828, "stem_prefix": 4.0 } }, { "verse": "9.22", "type": "shared-vocabulary echo", "score": 0.8823, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8423, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 6.5945, "stem_prefix": 4.0 } }, { "verse": "16.18", "type": "lemma-family resonance", "score": 0.8804, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8304, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 9.4553, "stem_prefix": 5.0 } }, { "verse": "7.22", "type": "long-distance thematic echo", "score": 0.873, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.833, "theme_graph": 1.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 1.9889, "stem_prefix": 3.0 } }, { "verse": "1.7", "type": "thematic-similarity", "score": 0.8724, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8424, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 4.3489, "stem_prefix": 3.0 } }, { "verse": "10.28", "type": "long-distance thematic echo", "score": 0.8724, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8424, "theme_graph": 1.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 5.394, "stem_prefix": 2.0 } }, { "verse": "4.11", "type": "shared-vocabulary echo", "score": 0.871, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.831, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 6.5945, "stem_prefix": 4.0 } } ], "doctrinal_projections": { "advaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "shankara_1.22", "anandgiri_1.22" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Arjuna asks: let me survey (nirīkṣe — see clearly, without attachment to outcome) those arrayed for battle, so that I may know with whom this engagement (raṇa-samudyama — exertion toward combat) is truly required. The act of looking is not the act of a spectator but the first motion of viveka (discrimination), which must precede any karma. Before the jīva can perform action rightly, it must perceive the field — and perceiving the field, it begins to sense the unreality of the distinction between the one who fights and those fought.", "commentator": "Śaṅkarācārya" }, "viśiṣṭādvaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "ramanuja_1.22", "vedantadeshika_1.22" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Prompted by Bhagavān's grace, Arjuna does not hesitate: he wishes to survey (nirīkṣe) those who stand arrayed with the desire to fight (yoddhukāmān avasthitān), so that in this great exertion of battle he may discern with whom the service of combat (kainkarya-yuddha) must be rendered. Rāmānuja's Sañjaya notes the immediacy of the response — Arjuna acts the instant Bhagavān moves — because the bhakta's will is co-substantial with the Lord's will; even reconnaissance is an act of surrender.", "commentator": "Rāmānujācārya" }, "śuddhādvaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "vallabha_1.22" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Arjuna turns to Hṛṣīkeśa — the one whose delight is to nourish those who take refuge in him — and makes a single request: place me where I may see. This seeing (nirīkṣe) is not strategic calculation; it is Kṛṣṇa's own līlā unfolding through the instrument of Arjuna's curiosity. The whole raṇa-samudyama is Kṛṣṇa's play-field, and even the warrior's wish to identify his opponents is a form of prasāda — a gift of participation in the divine drama.", "commentator": "Vallabhācārya" }, "bhakti": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "sridhara_1.22" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Śrīdhara acknowledges the tension squarely: Arjuna is a yoddhā (fighter), not a yuddha-prekṣaka (spectator of battle). So why does he ask for time to look? Because the question 'with whom must I fight?' (kaiḥ saha mayā yoddhavyam) is itself the act of a warrior, not a tourist. Arjuna's survey is purposive — to identify the precise adversaries in this raṇa-samudyama — and Śrīdhara's terse gloss preserves that purposiveness without sentimentalizing it.", "commentator": "Śrīdhara Svāmī" }, "advaita-bhakti": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "madhusudan_1.22" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Madhusūdana excavates Arjuna's request in layers. He wants to see those who desire to fight — not those who might yet sue for peace — and those who stand firm, not those already broken by dread. The chariot must be placed at exactly the distance from which Arjuna can encompass them all with his gaze. And beneath this practical concern Madhusūdana discerns the deeper motion: this curiosity (kautuka) about who must be opposed is itself a form of knowledge (jñāna), the first stirring of the discriminative faculty that will eventually, by Kṛṣṇa's grace, ripen into liberating wisdom.", "commentator": "Madhusūdana Sarasvatī" }, "dvaita": { "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Arjuna, finite jīva (eternally distinct from Hari), seeks to survey (nirīkṣe) those who desire combat — an act permitted only because Kṛṣṇa-Hari stands as sārathi and sovereign. The raṇa-samudyama (enterprise of war) is not Arjuna's own project; it is a field of service assigned by an independent Bhagavān to a dependent jīva. Wanting to see who must be fought is not autonomy but obedience: a servant maps the field because the Master has placed him there.", "commentator": "Madhvācārya" } }, "prosodic_information": { "meter": "anuṣṭubh", "meter_shift_from_previous": false, "meter_shift_to_next": false, "pragmatic_context": { "vocative": "", "preceding_question": "", "following_response": "" } }, "theme_list_memberships": [ { "list": "अस्मि", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "7.10", "10.21", "10.22", "10.24", "10.28", "10.31", "10.36", "10.38", "10.41", "11.51", "16.15" ] }, { "list": "कामान्", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "2.55", "2.71", "7.22" ] }, { "list": "निरीक्षे", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "1.24", "1.25" ] }, { "list": "योद्धुकामान्", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "1.21" ] }, { "list": "सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "1.21" ] } ], "audit_trail": { "substrate_version": "v2.6-frozen", "fitted_weights": { "a": 1.0, "b": 0.01, "e_v": 0.005, "z": 0.2, "h": 0.0, "th": 0.01 }, "corpus_provenance": { "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness", "panel_witnesses": [ "bg-mula", "bg-shankara", "bg-ramanuja", "bg-madhva", "bg-vedantadeshika", "bg-vallabha", "bg-jayatirtha", "bg-anandgiri", "bg-sridhara", "bg-madhusudan" ] }, "extraction_date": "2026-04-21", "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B", "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)", "post_generation_repairs": [ { "date": "2026-05-03", "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (broader heuristic: prefix-√root canonical for all verb-tagged tokens)", "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma", "loci": [ "nirīkṣe: nirīkṣ -> nir-√īkṣ", "avasthitān: avasthā -> ava-√sthā" ] } ] }, "so_what_questions": [ "Arjuna asks to survey before acting — is this prudence, avoidance, or the beginning of viveka (discrimination)? How do we tell the difference in our own pauses before difficult action?", "Śrīdhara distinguishes yoddhā (fighter) from yuddha-prekṣaka (spectator): when does strategic reconnaissance become a form of non-engagement, and how do we hold that line?", "Madhusūdana identifies the curiosity of 'who must I fight?' as jñāna itself — is all genuine inquiry a form of knowledge, even when it delays action?", "Rāmānuja notes Arjuna acts the instant he is prompted (tatkṣaṇād eva): what is the difference between prompt obedience born of surrender and prompt obedience born of mere compliance?", "Vallabha frames Arjuna's request to Hṛṣīkeśa as an appeal to the sva-āśrita-jana-poṣaka (nourisher of those who take refuge): what does it mean to ask the one who nourishes us to position us for a confrontation we are not yet ready to face?", "The verse distinguishes yoddhukāmān (those desiring to fight) from those who might want peace: what obligation do we have to correctly identify our actual opponents before engaging, rather than fighting shadows or proxies?", "Arjuna says 'kair mayā saha yoddhavyam' — with whom must I fight? The passive construction (yoddhavyam — it must be fought) implies obligation rather than choice: where in your life are the obligations you have not yet clearly named?" ], "everyday_applications": { "advaita": "Before any high-stakes confrontation — a difficult conversation, a professional conflict, a life decision — pause and ask: am I seeing this situation clearly, or am I reacting to a projection? The survey Arjuna requests is the practice of stepping back just far enough to see the whole field before the discriminating faculty (viveka) can operate. This is not delay; it is the condition of non-reactive action. In Śaṅkara's frame, the 'enemy' who matters most is the one within — the one who mistakes the temporary battlefield for ultimate reality.", "viśiṣṭādvaita": "When you receive clear direction from someone you trust — a mentor, a teacher, the inner pull of conscience — act immediately and completely (tatkṣaṇād eva, at that very instant). Rāmānuja's Arjuna does not deliberate after Bhagavān directs the chariot; he acts and then surveys. The lesson for everyday life: surrender to trustworthy guidance first, survey the consequences second. Hesitation between trust and action is the gap where anxiety lives.", "dvaita": "In any undertaking assigned to you by legitimate authority — a role, a responsibility, a calling — map the actual terrain of that assignment before engaging. Madhva's Arjuna is a jīva doing a job given by Hari; 'with whom must I fight?' is a servant clarifying his specific duty. The everyday practice: before taking on any serious commitment, spend real time identifying exactly who and what you are accountable to, rather than assuming you already know.", "śuddhādvaita": "Vallabha's Arjuna turns toward Hṛṣīkeśa — the one who delights in nourishing those who depend on him — and asks simply to be positioned well. The everyday application: when you face a situation you cannot fully see, turn toward the source of your sustenance (a relationship, a practice, a community) and ask only to be placed where you can see clearly. You do not need to solve it alone. The request itself, made to the right recipient, is already an act of participation in something larger.", "bhakti": "Śrīdhara's verse draws a sharp line: a fighter who pauses to look is not a spectator — the look is part of the fight, if its purpose is to answer 'with whom must I actually engage?' In everyday terms: when you feel the pull to observe a situation rather than act in it, test the quality of your observation. Is it purposive — aimed at clarifying your specific obligation — or is it a way of deferring the discomfort of engagement? Purposive observation is action; deferral disguised as observation is avoidance.", "advaita-bhakti": "Madhusūdana calls Arjuna's curiosity 'mahad idam kautukam' — a great curiosity — and identifies it as the seed of jñāna. The everyday practice: treat your genuine questions about what you are actually facing — not rhetorical questions, not anxiety loops, but real inquiry into who and what you are up against — as a form of knowledge-work. The curiosity that asks 'who exactly must I engage with here?' is not weakness; it is the first movement of intelligence. Honour it by letting it be thorough before you act." }, "primary_meaning": "Place my chariot where I can see all those who stand ready to fight, and let me know who I must face in this battle." }