{
 "verse_id": "18.61",
 "mūla": {
  "devanāgarī": "ईश्वरः सर्वभूतानां हृद् देशेऽर्जुन तिष्ठति | भ्रामयन् सर्वभूतानि यन्त्रारूढानि मायया",
  "iast": "īśvaraḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ hṛddeśe'rjuna tiṣṭhati | bhrāmayan sarvabhūtāni yantrārūḍhāni māyayā",
  "chapter_position": "Chapter 18 (Mokṣa-Sannyāsa-Yoga (The Yoga of Liberation by Renunciation)), verse 61",
  "speaker": "Krishna",
  "addressed_to": "Arjuna"
 },
 "word_by_word": [
  {
   "surface_form": "īśvaraḥ",
   "lemma": "īśvara",
   "grammar": "nominative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "ईशनशीलः नारायणः सर्वभूतानां सर्वप्राणिनां हृद्देशे हृदयदेशे अर्जुन शुक्लान्तरात्मस्वभावः विशुद्धान्तःकरणः -- अहश्च कृष्",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "सर्वनियमनशीलो वासुदेवः सर्वभूतानां हृद्देशे सकलप्रवृत्तिनिवृत्तिमूलज्ञानोदये देशे तिष्ठति",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "सर्वनियमनशीलो वासुदेवः सर्वेषां प्राकृतानां भूतानां लीलयोच्चनीचभावेन स्वात्मना सृष्टानां प्रकृत्या संसृष्टानां आब्रह्मस",
     "school": "śuddhādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "vallabha"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "ईश्वरः"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "sarva",
   "lemma": "sarva",
   "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "सर्व"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "bhūtānām",
   "lemma": "bhūta",
   "grammar": "genitive neuter plural noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "भूतानाम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "hṛd",
   "lemma": "hṛd",
   "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "हृद्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "deśe",
   "lemma": "deśa",
   "grammar": "locative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "देशे"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "arjuna",
   "lemma": "arjuna",
   "grammar": "vocative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "अर्जुन"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "tiṣṭhati",
   "lemma": "√sthā",
   "grammar": "present indicative 3rd person singular verb",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "स्थितिं लभते",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "। कथं किं कुर्वन् तिष्ठति यन्त्रारूढानि सर्वभूतानि मायया भ्रामयन् स्वेन एव निर्मितं देहेन्द्रियावस्थप्रकृत्याख्यं यन्त्र",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "। तत्रान्तर्यामिस्वरूपेण स्थितोऽपि निर्लेप इत्याशयेनेश्वर इत्युक्तम्। उपाधिस्थाने स्थितस्य तदसंस्पृष्टत्वमीश्वरत्वादित्य",
     "school": "śuddhādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "vallabha"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "। किं कुर्वन् सर्वाणि भूतानि मायया निजशक्त्या भ्रामयन् तत्तत्कर्मसु प्रवर्तयन् यथा दारुयन्त्रमारूढानि कृत्रिमाणि भूतानि",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "सर्वव्यापकोऽपि तत्राभिव्यज्यते सप्तद्वीपाधिपतिरिव राम उत्तरकोसलेषु",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "तिष्ठति"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "bhrāmayan",
   "lemma": "√bhrāmay",
   "grammar": "nominative masculine singular present participle verb",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "भ्रमणं कारयन् सर्वभूतानि यन्त्रारूढानि यन्त्राणि आरूढानि अधिष्ठितानि इव -- इति इवशब्दः अत्र द्रष्टव्यः -- यथा दारुकृतपु",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "स्वेन एव निर्मितं देहेन्द्रियावस्थप्रकृत्याख्यं यन्त्रम् आरूढानि सर्वभूतानि स्वकीयया सत्त्वादिगुणमय्या मायया गुणानुगुणं",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja",
      "vedantadeshika"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "भवति। भ्रामणं हि प्रेरणं, यन्त्रं च स्वनिर्मितं देहेन्द्रियादिरूपं, तत्रारूढांश्चेतनांस्तद्गुणानुगुण्येन प्रवर्त्तयंस्त",
     "school": "śuddhādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "vallabha"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "तत्तत्कर्मसु प्रवर्तयन् यथा दारुयन्त्रमारूढानि कृत्रिमाणि भूतानि सूत्रधारो लोके भ्रामयति तद्वदित्यर्थः",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "भ्रामयन्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "sarva",
   "lemma": "sarva",
   "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "सर्व"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "bhūtāni",
   "lemma": "bhūta",
   "grammar": "accusative neuter plural noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "भ्रामयन्नेव हृदये तिष्ठतीत्यर्थः",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "anandgiri"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "मायया निजशक्त्या भ्रामयन् तत्तत्कर्मसु प्रवर्तयन् यथा दारुयन्त्रमारूढानि कृत्रिमाणि भूतानि सूत्रधारो लोके भ्रामयति तद्व",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "भूतानि"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "yantra",
   "lemma": "yantra",
   "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "इत्यादिभ्रामयन् इत्यन्तमेकं वाक्यं प्रश्नवाक्यादाकृष्टेन तिष्ठतिनाऽन्वेतव्यम्",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "vedantadeshika"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "यन्त्र"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "ārūḍhāni",
   "lemma": "√āruh",
   "grammar": "accusative neuter plural participle noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "आरूढानि"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "māyayā",
   "lemma": "māyā",
   "grammar": "instrumental feminine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "च्छद्मना भ्रामयन् तिष्ठति इति संबन्धः",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara",
      "anandgiri"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "भ्रामयन् स्वेन",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "भ्रामयन् भवति",
     "school": "śuddhādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "vallabha"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "निजशक्त्या भ्रामयन् तत्तत्कर्मसु प्रवर्तयन् यथा दारुयन्त्रमारूढानि कृत्रिमाणि भूतानि सूत्रधारो लोके भ्रामयति तद्वदित्यर",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "छद्मना यन्त्रारूढानीव सूत्रसंचारादियन्त्रमारूढानि दारुनिर्मितपुरुषादीन्यत्यन्तपरतन्त्राणि यथा मायावी भ्रामयति तद्वदित्य",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "मायया"
  }
 ],
 "intertextual_panel": [
  {
   "verse": "13.28",
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   "feature_breakdown": {
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   "verse": "6.29",
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   "feature_breakdown": {
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   "verse": "18.49",
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   "verse": "12.4",
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   "feature_breakdown": {
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   "verse": "18.20",
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 ],
 "doctrinal_projections": {
  "advaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "shankara_18.61",
    "anandgiri_18.61"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Sankara reads 'isvarah' (the one whose nature is governance) as Narayana, the pure inner self (sukladantaratman), who stands (tisthati) in the hrdaya-desa of all beings — not as a separate personal agent but as the ground-consciousness that makes governance possible. The beings are like wooden puppets (darukrtapurusadini) mounted on a machine; the word 'iva' (as if) is crucial: the bhramana is appearance, not independent causal action. Maya here means concealment (chadmana) — the Lord's standing does not compromise non-duality; it is the one Reality appearing as diversity through its own obscuring power."
  },
  "viśiṣṭādvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "ramanuja_18.61",
    "vedantadeshika_18.61"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Ramanuja reads 'isvara' as Vasudeva, the all-regulator (sarvaniyamanasila), who stands in the hrdaya-desa as the very site where all impulse toward action or withdrawal arises. The yantra is the body-sense-complex that Isvara himself fashioned; beings are mounted on it and driven according to the qualities (sattva-adi) of his own maya. This is not domination from outside but inner superintendence: BG 15.15 'sarvasyaham hrdi sannivistah' and the Antaryami-brahmana confirm the same teaching — the Lord is the indwelling soul of every soul, distinct from them and sustaining them at every moment."
  },
  "dvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "madhva_18.61",
    "jayatirtha_18.61"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "*Īśvara* (the Lord, *svatantra* by nature) stands in the *hṛddeśa* — the heart-seat — of *sarvabhūtānāni*, every being. He is not merely present there as a witness at a distance; he is the real, distinct, inner controller whose presence is ontologically prior to the *jīva* that houses him. The *pañca-bheda* holds without collapse: Lord and *jīva* remain genuinely distinct even in this innermost intimacy.\n\nThe *yantrārūḍhāni* image is exact for Dvaita: beings are mounted on a machine (*yantra*) they did not build and cannot drive. The machine spins by *māyā* — here Viṣṇu's own sovereign power, not an impersonal screen, not a shared metaphysical confusion, but the Lord's *acintya-śakti* (inconceivable power) by which he adjudicates *karma* and moves each *jīva* according to *taratamya* (graded ontological hierarchy). The *jīva*'s *paratantra* constitution is confirmed structurally: *bhrāmayan* names Hari as the sole mover; the *jīva* is moved, never self-moved.\n\nThe *hṛddeśa*-station is Hari's real presence inside the *jīva*, not a metaphor for an undifferentiated ground. He does not dissolve into the *jīva*, nor the *jīva* into him. *Bhakti* as ontological subordination begins precisely here: recognizing that the one who moves you from within is *svatantra* Hari, the *jīva*'s only refuge.",
   "provenance": "siddhānta_reconstruction"
  },
  "śuddhādvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "vallabha_18.61"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Vallabha reads the verse as the Brahma-sutra siddhanta stated plainly: Vasudeva, sportively (lilaya) creating all beings from highest to grass-blade (a-brahma-stamba), stands in the hrdaya-akasa as antaryamin — yet remains untouched (nirlepa), like space (akasavat-sarvagata). The yantra is the body-sense complex he himself constructed; maya is not illusion but his own creative sakti driving each being according to its own nature. His self-luminosity (svayamprakasa, pradipavat) means the spinning is itself his lila, not a burden he bears — the controller is never entangled in what he controls."
  },
  "bhakti": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "sridhara_18.61"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Sridhara Svami, after surveying Sankhya and Svabhava accounts of dependence, declares: 'now I state my own view (svamatamaah).' Isvara as antaryamin stands in every heart and drives all beings to their respective actions the way a puppeteer (sutradharah) moves wooden figures — or, alternatively, the yantra is the body itself on which the jiva-as-atman rides. The Svetasvatara Upanisad ('eko devah sarvabhutesu gudhah') and the Antaryami-brahmana are cited as corroboration. Bhakti to this indwelling Lord is the one movement that aligns the jiva's motion with the mover."
  },
  "advaita-bhakti": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "madhusudan_18.61"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Madhusudana opens by naming the verse's pivot: having stated dependence on svabhava, Krsna now reveals dependence on Isvara. Narayana stands in the antahkarana of every being, made manifest there as a king is manifest in his capital though he pervades the kingdom (Rama in Uttara-Kosala). The address 'Arjuna' signals: only one with a purified inner organ (suddha-antahkarana, 'sukla') can truly grasp this. Beings are 'atyanta-paratantra' — not loosely dependent but utterly so, like carved figures (daru-nirmita-purusadini) on a puppet-rig driven by maya. Madhusudana holds both registers: metaphysically the mover is the non-dual ground; devotionally he is Narayana whom Arjuna can love and surrender to in the very next verse."
  }
 },
 "prosodic_information": {
  "meter": "anuṣṭubh",
  "meter_shift_from_previous": false,
  "meter_shift_to_next": false,
  "pragmatic_context": {
   "vocative": "",
   "preceding_question": "",
   "following_response": ""
  }
 },
 "theme_list_memberships": [
  {
   "list": "ईश्वरः सर्वभूतानां हृद्देशेऽर्जुन तिष्ठति",
   "role": "supporting",
   "other_verses_in_list": [
    "8.4"
   ]
  },
  {
   "list": "तिष्ठति",
   "role": "supporting",
   "other_verses_in_list": [
    "3.18",
    "13.13",
    "14.23"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "audit_trail": {
  "substrate_version": "v2.6-frozen",
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  "corpus_provenance": {
   "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness",
   "panel_witnesses": [
    "bg-mula",
    "bg-shankara",
    "bg-ramanuja",
    "bg-madhva",
    "bg-vedantadeshika",
    "bg-vallabha",
    "bg-jayatirtha",
    "bg-anandgiri",
    "bg-sridhara",
    "bg-madhusudan"
   ]
  },
  "extraction_date": "2026-04-21",
  "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B",
  "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)",
  "post_generation_repairs": [
   {
    "date": "2026-05-03",
    "fix": "dropped-space-at-consonant-consonant-joint corruption",
    "scope": "mūla.iast — spaces reinserted using word_by_word.surface_form as source of truth",
    "loci": [
     "bhrāmayansarvabhūtāni -> bhrāmayan sarvabhūtāni"
    ]
   },
   {
    "date": "2026-05-03",
    "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (sandhi'd compound → prefix-√root canonical)",
    "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma",
    "loci": [
     "tiṣṭhati: sthā -> √sthā"
    ]
   },
   {
    "date": "2026-05-03",
    "fix": "dropped-space-at-consonant-consonant-joint corruption",
    "scope": "mūla.devanāgarī — spaces reinserted using word_by_word surface fields as source of truth",
    "loci": [
     "हृद्देशेऽर्जुन -> हृद् देशेऽर्जुन",
     "भ्रामयन्सर्वभूतानि -> भ्रामयन् सर्वभूतानि"
    ]
   },
   {
    "date": "2026-05-03",
    "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (broader heuristic: prefix-√root canonical for all verb-tagged tokens)",
    "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma",
    "loci": [
     "bhrāmayan: bhrāmay -> √bhrāmay",
     "ārūḍhāni: āruh -> √āruh"
    ]
   },
   {
    "kind": "qmark_artifact_repair",
    "applied_at": "2026-05-08T01:56:15.042337Z",
    "applied_by": "summon-web/scripts/repair_qmark_artifacts.py",
    "n_senses_repaired": 1,
    "substitution": "? -> ,",
    "root_cause": "ITRANS '\\,' (literal-comma escape) in sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx corrupted to '?' during upstream HTML pipeline at gitasupersite; propagated through h_c_panel/commentaries/bg_*.jsonl into substrate.",
    "verification_source": "sonos-paper/samvad_db/sources/sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx"
   }
  ]
 },
 "so_what_questions": [
  "If Isvara already stands in my heart spinning me like a puppet, what is the status of my sense that I am choosing — is that sense itself part of the spinning?",
  "Sankara inserts 'iva' (as if) into the yantra image. What hangs on that single word — does it save non-duality or merely soften a disturbing claim?",
  "Ramanuja and Vallabha both cite BG 15.15 here. Do they read 'sannivistah' (entered/established) the same way, or does the entry mean something structurally different in Visistadvaita vs Suddhadvaita?",
  "The yantra image appears in no prior BG chapter. Why does Krsna deploy a mechanical metaphor at chapter 18, verse 61, after 60 verses of ethical and metaphysical argument?",
  "Sridhara signals a break from Sankhya and Svabhava accounts ('svamatamaah'). What is the doctrinal stakes of that break — what can the Isvara account do that the others cannot?",
  "Madhusudana addresses Arjuna as 'sukla' (pure-hearted) inside his commentary. Is this exegetically justified by the text, or is it Madhusudana inserting an eligibility condition (adhikara) the verse itself does not state?",
  "If the Lord spins all beings 'guna-anugunena' (according to their qualities), is karma still operative, or has the verse quietly replaced karma with Isvara's direct administration?"
 ],
 "everyday_applications": {
  "advaita": "When you find yourself paralyzed by the weight of a decision, notice: the one who is 'paralyzed' is itself a motion in consciousness. The Advaita reading invites a single question before acting — 'who is spinning here?' — not to produce an answer but to let the question dissolve the illusion of an autonomous spinner.",
  "visistadvaita": "In Ramanuja's reading, every impulse to serve well (kainkarya) arises from Vasudeva's own standing in your heart. Practically: before a meeting or a difficult conversation, pause and locate the one who is already present inside you as the source of your best judgment. Then act from there rather than from anxiety.",
  "dvaita": "Madhva's Dvaita presses one clarifying discipline: stop framing your choices as self-originating. The machine metaphor is not humiliating — it is accurate. The practical corollary is that accountability before Hari replaces self-congratulation and self-blame alike. Take your actions seriously as stewardship, not as self-expression.",
  "suddhadvaita": "Vallabha reads the spinning as Krsna's own lila coursing through you. The everyday application is aesthetic rather than ethical: when work feels mechanical or joyless, it is because you have forgotten the player behind the machine. The Pustimarga response is not to work harder but to restore the awareness that this very routine is his sport.",
  "bhakti": "Sridhara's sutradharah (puppeteer) image is the most concrete in the panel. Practically: when a situation feels completely out of your control — a medical diagnosis, a relationship rupture, a professional collapse — the verse does not promise resolution but it does name the one holding the strings. Bhakti is turning toward that one rather than fighting the strings.",
  "advaita-bhakti": "Madhusudana's synthesis offers a two-register practice. Philosophically, recognize that what you call 'my will' is already the Lord's movement. Devotionally, love that mover — not as submission to a tyrant but as gratitude to the one whose standing in your heart is what makes your heart a heart at all."
 },
 "primary_meaning": "God stands in the heart of every creature, Arjuna, and by his power spins them all like figures mounted on a wheel."
}