{
 "verse_id": "17.27",
 "mūla": {
  "devanāgarī": "यज्ञे तपसि दाने च स्थितिः सद् इति चोच्यते | कर्म चैव तद्-अर्थीयं सद् इत्य् एवाभिधीयते",
  "iast": "yajñe tapasi dāne ca sthitiḥ sad iti cocyate | karma caiva tad-arthīyaṃ sad ity evābhidhīyate",
  "chapter_position": "Chapter 17 (Śraddhātraya-Vibhāga-Yoga (The Yoga of Distinction of Threefold Faith)), verse 27",
  "speaker": "Krishna",
  "addressed_to": "Arjuna"
 },
 "word_by_word": [
  {
   "surface_form": "yajñe",
   "lemma": "yajña",
   "grammar": "locative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "यज्ञकर्मणि या स्थितिः, तपसि",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "तपसि दाने",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "तपसि ৷৷. कर्म चैव इत्यनेन यज्ञादिषु सच्छब्दो व्याख्यातः",
     "school": "dvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "jayatirtha"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "तपसि दाने",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "यज्ञे"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "tapasi",
   "lemma": "tapas",
   "grammar": "locative neuter singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "च या स्थितिः, दाने",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "दाने च स्थितिः कल्याणतया सद् इति उच्यते। कर्म च तदर्थीयं त्रैवर्णिकार्थीयं यज्ञदानादिकं सद् इति एव अभिधीयते।तस्माद् वेद",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "৷৷. कर्म चैव इत्यनेन यज्ञादिषु सच्छब्दो व्याख्यातः",
     "school": "dvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "jayatirtha"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "दाने च स्थितिः सदिति चोच्यते। स्थादिधातुगणे भुवो व्यापकत्वं, तदनुकृञश्चेति यज्ञपत्युपाध्यायाः प्रोचुः। अतएवोक्तं -- सर्",
     "school": "śuddhādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "vallabha"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "दाने च या स्थितिस्तत्परतयावस्थितिर्निष्ठा सापि सदित्युच्यते विद्वद्भिः। कर्म चैव तदर्थीयं तेषु यज्ञदानतपोरूपेष्वर्थेषु",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "तपसि"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "dāne",
   "lemma": "dāna",
   "grammar": "locative neuter singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "च या स्थितिः, सा सत् इति",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "च स्थितिः कल्याणतया सद् इति उच्यते",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "च स्थितिः सदिति चोच्यते",
     "school": "śuddhādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "vallabha"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "च या स्थितिस्तत्परतयावस्थितिर्निष्ठा सापि सदित्युच्यते विद्वद्भिः",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "दाने"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "ca",
   "lemma": "ca",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "च"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "sthitiḥ",
   "lemma": "sthiti",
   "grammar": "nominative feminine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": ", तपसि",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "कल्याणतया सद् इति उच्यते",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "सदिति चोच्यते",
     "school": "śuddhādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "vallabha"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "स्थितिः"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "sat",
   "lemma": "sat",
   "grammar": "nominative neuter singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "सत्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "iti",
   "lemma": "iti",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "इति"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "ca",
   "lemma": "ca",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "च"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "ucyate",
   "lemma": "√vac",
   "grammar": "present indicative pass 3rd person singular verb",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "उच्यते"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "karma",
   "lemma": "karman",
   "grammar": "nominative neuter singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "च एव तदर्थीयं यज्ञदानतपोऽर्थीयम् अथवा, यस्य अभिधानत्रयं प्रकृतं तदर्थीयं यज्ञदानतपोऽर्थीयम् ईश्वरार्थीयम् इत्येतत् सत्",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "च तदर्थीयं त्रैवर्णिकार्थीयं यज्ञदानादिकं सद् इति",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja",
      "vedantadeshika"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "चैव इत्यनेन यज्ञादिषु सच्छब्दो व्याख्यातः",
     "school": "dvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "jayatirtha"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "चैव तदर्थीयं सदुत्तममित्येवाभिधीयते",
     "school": "śuddhādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "vallabha"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "पूजोपहारगृहाङ्गणपरिमार्जनोपलेपरङ्गमाङ्गलिकादिक्रियास्तत्सिद्धये यदन्यत्कर्म क्रियते उद्यानशालिक्षेत्रधनार्जनादिविषयं तत",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "चैव तदर्थीयं तेषु यज्ञदानतपोरूपेष्वर्थेषु भवं तदनुकूलमेव",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "कर्म"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "ca",
   "lemma": "ca",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "च"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "eva",
   "lemma": "eva",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "एव"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "tad",
   "lemma": "tad",
   "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "तद्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "arthīyam",
   "lemma": "arthīya",
   "grammar": "nominative neuter singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "अर्थीयम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "sat",
   "lemma": "sat",
   "grammar": "nominative neuter singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "सत्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "iti",
   "lemma": "iti",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "इति"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "eva",
   "lemma": "eva",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "एव"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "abhidhīyate",
   "lemma": "abhi-√dhā",
   "grammar": "present indicative pass 3rd person singular verb",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "अभिधीयते"
  }
 ],
 "intertextual_panel": [
  {
   "verse": "17.26",
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   "feature_breakdown": {
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   "verse": "18.25",
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   "verse": "2.48",
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   "verse": "3.14",
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 ],
 "doctrinal_projections": {
  "advaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "shankara_17.27",
    "anandgiri_17.27"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Steadiness (sthiti) in sacrifice, austerity, and gift-giving is called 'sat' by the wise — meaning that such activity, when performed without desire, partakes of the real. Action undertaken for the sake of that triple designation of Brahman is likewise called 'sat.' Even deficient action, performed with sraddha (faith) and prefaced by the three sacred syllables, is transformed into sattvika action fit for purifying the inner instrument toward jnana."
  },
  "viśiṣṭādvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "ramanuja_17.27",
    "vedantadeshika_17.27"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "For the three varnas (varna, social order), steadiness in yajna, tapas, and dana is declared auspicious and thus called 'sat.' Action done for the sake of those three-varna persons — the whole field of Vedic karma — is equally called 'sat.' In this way the syllables 'Om tat sat' demarcate Vedic agents and Vedic acts from the non-Vedic, marking out kainkarya (service) performed within the divinely ordered social body as the true register of the real."
  },
  "dvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "madhva_17.27",
    "jayatirtha_17.27"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Steadiness (*sthiti*) in *yajña* (sacrifice), *tapas* (austerity), and *dāna* (giving) is called *sat* — and *karma* performed for that purpose (*tad-arthīyam*) is likewise named *sat*. In dvaita siddhānta, *sat* here is not a pointer toward non-dual absorption but a mark of ontological alignment with the *svatantra* (independently real, self-sufficient) Hari. Acts of *yajña*, *tapas*, and *dāna* receive the designation *sat* precisely when grounded in *brahma-viṣayatva* — orientation toward Brahman as the sovereign referent — and sustained by *niṣṭhā* (steadfast commitment). Jayatīrtha reads *tad-arthīyam karma* as action whose very purposiveness (*arthīya*) is defined by that Brahman-directedness: the *sac-chabda* (the word *sat*) is thus not predicated of the *jīva* (individual self) in isolation but of the *jīva*'s acts insofar as they express *paratantra* (eternal dependence) on the *svatantra* Lord. No *bheda* (real distinction) between Hari and *jīva* is dissolved by the label; if anything, *sat* confirms the *pañca-bheda* (the five-fold real distinction) by locating all meritorious action in its proper subordinate relation to the independently real. *Bhakti* expressed through ritual, austerity, and giving is *sat* because its terminus is Hari, not because the doer becomes Hari.",
   "divergence_note": "Madhva himself is silent; the reading draws on Jayatīrtha's *Nyāya-Sudhā* gloss that *sac-chabda* in this verse is explicated through *brahma-viṣayatva* and *niṣṭhā*, and on dvaita *pañca-bheda* and *taratamya* (graded ontological hierarchy) as the governing scheme for interpreting Kṛṣṇa's use of *sat*.",
   "provenance": "siddhānta_reconstruction"
  },
  "śuddhādvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "vallabha_17.27"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "The word 'sat' here carries both the sense of sreyovacana (the excellent, the auspicious) and nisthavacana (steadfast commitment). Steadiness in yajna, tapas, and dana is 'sat' because all things find their bhavartha (the sense of their very being) in Bhagavan — 'tasya api Bhagavan esa kim atad-vastu rupyatam.' Action performed for that purpose echoes the teaching of the Bhagavata: 'mam vidhatte abhidhatte mam' — all past karma and right conduct ultimately point back toward Krsna. The three sacred names are not mere ritual formula but the signature of the Lord pervading every act."
  },
  "bhakti": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "sridhara_17.27"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Sridhara reads 'sat' as covering two things: the steadiness (tatparyena-avasthana, purposive abiding) in yajna, tapas, and dana, and the action done for the sake of that same Paramatman who is the artha (goal, fruit) denoted by the three sacred names. Even action greatly removed from direct worship — cultivating gardens, earning resources, maintaining the household precincts — is still called 'sat' when it is tad-arthiya (for His sake). The verse thus functions as a vidhi (injunction) inferred through arthavada (laudatory reasoning): because the three names are supremely praiseworthy, one is to invoke them over all action to purify it."
  },
  "advaita-bhakti": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "madhusudan_17.27"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Steadiness (nistha) in yajna, tapas, and dana is called 'sat' by the wise. Madhusudana offers two readings of 'tad-arthiyam': action whose content is yajna, dana, and tapas themselves; or action whose artha (object, purpose) is that very Brahman whose name has been introduced — suddha-brahma-jnana and its conducive karma. A third: action done with Bhagavad-arpana-buddhi (the intention of offering to Bhagavan). All three converge: the name 'sat' is powerful enough to remove the deficiency of imperfect action (karma-vaigunyapanode-samartham), and the full syllable Om-tat-sat magnifies this effect immeasurably."
  },
  "visistadvaita": {
   "score": 0.5
  },
  "suddhadvavita": {
   "score": 0.5
  }
 },
 "prosodic_information": {
  "meter": "anuṣṭubh",
  "meter_shift_from_previous": false,
  "meter_shift_to_next": true,
  "pragmatic_context": {
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   "preceding_question": "",
   "following_response": ""
  }
 },
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 "audit_trail": {
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  "corpus_provenance": {
   "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness",
   "panel_witnesses": [
    "bg-mula",
    "bg-shankara",
    "bg-ramanuja",
    "bg-madhva",
    "bg-vedantadeshika",
    "bg-vallabha",
    "bg-jayatirtha",
    "bg-anandgiri",
    "bg-sridhara",
    "bg-madhusudan"
   ]
  },
  "extraction_date": "2026-04-21",
  "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B",
  "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)",
  "post_generation_repairs": [
   {
    "date": "2026-05-03",
    "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (broader heuristic: prefix-√root canonical for all verb-tagged tokens)",
    "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma",
    "loci": [
     "ucyate: vac -> √vac",
     "abhidhīyate: abhidhā -> abhi-√dhā"
    ]
   },
   {
    "kind": "qmark_artifact_repair",
    "applied_at": "2026-05-08T01:56:14.981334Z",
    "applied_by": "summon-web/scripts/repair_qmark_artifacts.py",
    "n_senses_repaired": 6,
    "substitution": "? -> ,",
    "root_cause": "ITRANS '\\,' (literal-comma escape) in sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx corrupted to '?' during upstream HTML pipeline at gitasupersite; propagated through h_c_panel/commentaries/bg_*.jsonl into substrate.",
    "verification_source": "sonos-paper/samvad_db/sources/sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx"
   }
  ]
 },
 "so_what_questions": [
  "If the term 'sat' can redeem deficient action performed with sraddha, what does this say about the relationship between intention and ritual correctness in Vedic practice?",
  "Ramanuja restricts 'sat' to the three-varna social order — does this mean that action outside one's varna-dharma cannot be 'sat,' or is there a broader reading that includes all sincere Vedic agents?",
  "Madhusudana's three-fold reading of 'tad-arthiyam' — is this interpretive abundance a feature of the verse's bounded polysemy, or does it reflect a genuine doctrinal ambiguity that schools resolved differently?",
  "Sridhara extends 'sat' to livelihood activities (earning, farming) when they are performed for the Lord's sake — does this dissolve the boundary between sacred and secular action, or does it merely subsume the secular?",
  "Vallabha's citation of Bhagavata 11.21.43 implies that all prior karma converges on Krsna as its true referent — what are the hermeneutical stakes of reading a Gita verse through a Bhagavata cross-reference?",
  "Sankara says deficient karma becomes sattvika through the three-name invocation — is this a claim about the ontological transformation of the act, or about the psychological transformation of the actor?",
  "The verse says nothing explicitly about the state of mind of the agent — yet every commentator supplies one (sraddha, nistha, arpana-buddhi, kainkarya). What does this reveal about the interpretive pressures the schools bring to the text?"
 ],
 "everyday_applications": {
  "advaita": "Before beginning a difficult project you consider offering or service, pause to invoke the triple designation mentally — not as magic formula but as a reminder that the action is not for personal result. This reframes your motivation from result-seeking to purification, the Sankara reading of karma as preparation for jnana.",
  "visistadvaita": "In your professional or family role, recognize that your work within your social station — whether parenting, professional service, or community contribution — is itself the arena of 'sat' when done in alignment with dharma. Ramanuja's traivarnika framing means: act well within your actual relational order, not in some imagined ideal.",
  "dvaita": "When you feel the pull to claim credit for a good deed, use that moment to consciously attribute the action to Hari as its true author and beneficiary. The Dvaita insistence on jiva-paratatrya (soul-dependence) makes this a daily practice: 'I acted; He enabled; the fruit is His.'",
  "suddhadvavita": "Treat your household maintenance — cleaning, cooking, arranging — as acts whose very being (bhavartha) is Krsna. Vallabha's Bhagavata citation suggests that even ordinary domestic acts, when seen as pointed toward the Lord, become part of the chain 'mam vidhatte abhidhatte mam' (all conduct points to Me).",
  "bhakti": "When your livelihood work feels remote from spiritual practice, apply Sridhara's principle: earning income to sustain a household oriented toward Paramatman is tad-arthiyam — still 'sat.' This prevents the false split between 'spiritual' and 'worldly' hours in your day.",
  "advaita-bhakti": "Bring the Madhusudana synthesis to imperfect action: when you complete a task you know was done with mixed motives or partial effort, offer it explicitly — 'Bhagavad-arpana-buddhi' — rather than discarding or being ashamed of it. The name 'sat' has the power to remove karma-vaigunya (action-defect); you do not need to wait for perfect conditions to act."
 },
 "primary_meaning": "Steadiness in sacrifice, austerity, and giving is called *sat*, and any action done for that same purpose is called *sat* as well."
}