{
 "verse_id": "17.26",
 "mūla": {
  "devanāgarī": "सद्-भावे साधु-भावे च सद् इत्य् एतत् प्रयुज्यते | प्रशस्ते कर्मणि तथा सच्-छब्दः पार्थ युज्यते",
  "iast": "sad-bhāve sādhu-bhāve ca sad ity etat prayujyate | praśaste karmaṇi tathā sac-chabdaḥ pārtha yujyate",
  "chapter_position": "Chapter 17 (Śraddhātraya-Vibhāga-Yoga (The Yoga of Distinction of Threefold Faith)), verse 26",
  "speaker": "Krishna",
  "addressed_to": "Arjuna"
 },
 "word_by_word": [
  {
   "surface_form": "sat",
   "lemma": "sat",
   "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "सत्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "bhāve",
   "lemma": "bhāva",
   "grammar": "locative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "भावे"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "sādhu",
   "lemma": "sādhu",
   "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "साधु"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "bhāve",
   "lemma": "bhāva",
   "grammar": "locative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "भावे"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "ca",
   "lemma": "ca",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "च"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "sat",
   "lemma": "sat",
   "grammar": "nominative neuter singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "सत्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "iti",
   "lemma": "iti",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "इति"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "etat",
   "lemma": "etad",
   "grammar": "nominative neuter singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "एतत्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "prayujyate",
   "lemma": "pra-√yuj",
   "grammar": "present indicative pass 3rd person singular verb",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "अभिधीयते",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "लोकवेदयोः",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja",
      "vedantadeshika"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "। प्रशस्ते कर्मणि च सतो व्यापकस्य ब्रह्मणः,सर्वत्वश्रवणादेव तथा तथा प्रयोगः सर्वत्रोपपद्यते।",
     "school": "śuddhādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "vallabha"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "। प्रशस्ते माङ्गलिके विवाहादिकर्मणि च सदिदं कर्मेति सच्छब्दो युज्यते प्रयुज्यते संगच्छत इति वा।",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "शिष्टैः",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "प्रयुज्यते"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "praśaste",
   "lemma": "pra-√śaṃs",
   "grammar": "locative neuter singular participle noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "कर्मणि विवाहादौ",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "कल्याणे कर्मणि सत्कर्म इदम् इति सच्छब्दो युज्यते प्रयुज्यते इत्यर्थः",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "कर्मणि",
     "school": "śuddhādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "vallabha"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "माङ्गलिके विवाहादिकर्मणि",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "प्रशस्ते"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "karmaṇi",
   "lemma": "karman",
   "grammar": "locative neuter singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "विवाहादौ",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "सत्कर्म इदम् इति सच्छब्दो युज्यते प्रयुज्यते इत्यर्थः",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja",
      "vedantadeshika"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "च सतो व्यापकस्य ब्रह्मणः,सर्वत्वश्रवणादेव तथा तथा प्रयोगः सर्वत्रोपपद्यते",
     "school": "śuddhādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "vallabha"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "विवाहादौ सच्छब्दो",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "कर्मणि"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "tathā",
   "lemma": "tathā",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "तथा"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "sat",
   "lemma": "sat",
   "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "सत्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "śabdaḥ",
   "lemma": "śabda",
   "grammar": "nominative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "शब्दः"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "pārtha",
   "lemma": "pārtha",
   "grammar": "vocative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": ", युज्यते प्रयुज्यते इत्येतत्",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": ",,युज्यते प्रयुज्यते तस्मादप्रतिबन्धेनाशु फलजनकत्वं वैगुण्यपरिहारेण यज्ञादेः समर्थमेतन्नामेति,प्रशस्ततरमेतदित्यर्थः",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "पार्थ"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "yujyate",
   "lemma": "√yuj",
   "grammar": "present indicative pass 3rd person singular verb",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "प्रयुज्यते इत्येतत्",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "प्रयुज्यते इत्यर्थः",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "प्रयुज्यते संगच्छत इति वा",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "प्रयुज्यते तस्मादप्रतिबन्धेनाशु फलजनकत्वं वैगुण्यपरिहारेण यज्ञादेः समर्थमेतन्नामेति,प्रशस्ततरमेतदित्यर्थः",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "युज्यते"
  }
 ],
 "intertextual_panel": [
  {
   "verse": "17.27",
   "type": "next-verse continuation",
   "score": 0.8755,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8755,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 0.0,
    "stem_prefix": 0.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "18.31",
   "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel",
   "score": 0.8675,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8575,
    "theme_graph": 1.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 0.0,
    "stem_prefix": 0.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "4.18",
   "type": "long-distance thematic echo",
   "score": 0.8657,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8557,
    "theme_graph": 1.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 0.0,
    "stem_prefix": 0.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "18.30",
   "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel",
   "score": 0.8623,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8523,
    "theme_graph": 1.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 0.0,
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   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "14.9",
   "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel",
   "score": 0.8613,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8513,
    "theme_graph": 1.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 0.0,
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   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "13.20",
   "type": "semantic neighbor",
   "score": 0.8587,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8587,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 0.0,
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  },
  {
   "verse": "18.33",
   "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel",
   "score": 0.858,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.848,
    "theme_graph": 1.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 0.0,
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   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "9.28",
   "type": "semantic neighbor",
   "score": 0.858,
   "feature_breakdown": {
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    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
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 ],
 "doctrinal_projections": {
  "advaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "shankara_17.26",
    "anandgiri_17.26"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "The syllable 'sat' (existence, reality) is the name of Brahman itself, deployed in three registers: to affirm sheer existence where absence might be imputed (as when one says a man's son exists), to affirm virtuous conduct where vice might be suspected, and to consecrate auspicious ritual acts such as marriage. Shankara reads the three usages as one: 'sat' names Brahman, and each application reminds speaker and hearer that the ultimately real underlies every legitimate predication. The verse is thus a semantic anchor — any act called 'sat' is implicitly referred back to the non-dual ground."
  },
  "viśiṣṭādvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "ramanuja_17.26",
    "vedantadeshika_17.26"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Ramanuja extends the range of 'sat' across all objects and all Vedic usages: wherever existence (vidyamana-ta, being-present) or goodness (kalyana-bhava, auspicious quality) is being named, the word 'sat' is the correct Vedic term. When a worshipper performs an auspicious worldly act and calls it 'sat-karma,' he is identifying that act as aligned with the divine goodness (kalyane) inhering in Bhagavan who is the inner self of all. 'Sat' thus binds cosmological presence, moral excellence, and liturgical sanction into a single Vedic term whose ultimate referent is the Lord."
  },
  "dvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "madhva_17.26",
    "jayatirtha_17.26"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Madhva's compressed gloss reads 'sad-bhava' as pointing to generation or manifestation (prajanana) — 'sat' marks what Hari has brought into being. Crucially, when yajne (sacrifice), dane (giving), and tapasi (austerity) are performed with the syllable 'Om Tat Sat' and without fruit-desire (anabhisandhaya phalam), the identity of the act's name with Brahman's name signals that Brahman himself has accomplished the act. The jiva's role is dependent instrument; the real agent is Hari, whose name-equivalence with 'sat' proves his ultimate authorship of every genuine sacred act."
  },
  "śuddhādvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "vallabha_17.26"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Vallabha grounds 'sat' in the Vedantic axiom that 'sat' names what simply is (asti iti sat, that which exists). 'Sad-bhave' means: the manifest thing (vastu) in which Being has become visible (avirbhutam). The important move is that 'sat' signals not mere logical predication but Brahman's own self-disclosure in each existing thing; when goodness (sadhu-tva) and auspicious karma are called 'sat,' it is because the all-pervading Brahman (sarvatra-shravana) is present there and authorizes the usage. Every legitimate use of the word is thus a moment of Brahman's self-manifestation in the world."
  },
  "bhakti": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "sridhara_17.26"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Sridhara reads this verse as an explication of the praiseworthy scope of the word 'sat' (sac-chabdasya prashastya). First register: existence — 'Devadatta's son exists' (asti) is a correct use. Second register: quality — 'Devadatta's son is excellent' (shreshtham) is equally correct. Third register: auspicious act — when a marriage ceremony is called 'sat idam karma,' the word marks the rite as mangalika (auspicious, good-omened). Sridhara's reading is explicitly lexicographic, cataloguing the domains where 'sat' legitimately operates before the next verse applies all three to Om-Tat-Sat ritual performance."
  },
  "advaita-bhakti": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "madhusudan_17.26"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Madhusudana anchors 'sat' directly in shruti: 'sad eva somya idam agra asit' (Chandogya 6.2.1) — before creation, only Being (sat) was. This is the primary Brahman-name. Its two corrective functions follow: where non-existence might be doubted, 'sat' affirms existence; where badness might be suspected, 'sat' affirms virtue. From this the consequential point emerges: calling a sacrifice 'sat' resolves both doubts simultaneously — it declares the act to be real (its fruit will actually come) and good (no defect obstructs it). The third usage, auspicious acts like marriage, inherits this double assurance: 'sat-karma' means the act is unobstructed and will bear fruit swiftly."
  }
 },
 "prosodic_information": {
  "meter": "anuṣṭubh",
  "meter_shift_from_previous": false,
  "meter_shift_to_next": false,
  "pragmatic_context": {
   "vocative": "Pārtha",
   "preceding_question": "",
   "following_response": ""
  }
 },
 "theme_list_memberships": [
  {
   "list": "कर्मणि",
   "role": "supporting",
   "other_verses_in_list": [
    "2.47",
    "3.1",
    "3.22",
    "4.16",
    "4.18",
    "4.21",
    "14.9"
   ]
  },
  {
   "list": "पार्थ",
   "role": "supporting",
   "other_verses_in_list": [
    "1.25",
    "1.26",
    "1.28",
    "1.29",
    "1.30",
    "2.3",
    "2.21",
    "2.32",
    "2.39",
    "2.42",
    "2.55",
    "2.72",
    "3.16",
    "3.22",
    "3.23",
    "4.11",
    "4.33",
    "6.40",
    "7.1",
    "7.10",
    "8.8",
    "8.14",
    "8.19",
    "8.22",
    "8.27",
    "9.13",
    "9.32",
    "10.11",
    "10.24",
    "11.5",
    "11.9",
    "12.7",
    "16.4",
    "16.5",
    "16.6",
    "17.28",
    "18.6",
    "18.30",
    "18.31",
    "18.32",
    "18.33",
    "18.34",
    "18.35",
    "18.72",
    "18.74",
    "18.78"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "audit_trail": {
  "substrate_version": "v2.6-frozen",
  "fitted_weights": {
   "a": 1.0,
   "b": 0.01,
   "e_v": 0.005,
   "z": 0.2,
   "h": 0.0,
   "th": 0.01
  },
  "corpus_provenance": {
   "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness",
   "panel_witnesses": [
    "bg-mula",
    "bg-shankara",
    "bg-ramanuja",
    "bg-madhva",
    "bg-vedantadeshika",
    "bg-vallabha",
    "bg-jayatirtha",
    "bg-anandgiri",
    "bg-sridhara",
    "bg-madhusudan"
   ]
  },
  "extraction_date": "2026-04-21",
  "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B",
  "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)",
  "post_generation_repairs": [
   {
    "date": "2026-05-03",
    "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (broader heuristic: prefix-√root canonical for all verb-tagged tokens)",
    "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma",
    "loci": [
     "prayujyate: prayuj -> pra-√yuj",
     "praśaste: praśaṃs -> pra-√śaṃs",
     "yujyate: yuj -> √yuj"
    ]
   },
   {
    "kind": "qmark_artifact_repair",
    "applied_at": "2026-05-08T01:56:14.980253Z",
    "applied_by": "summon-web/scripts/repair_qmark_artifacts.py",
    "n_senses_repaired": 2,
    "substitution": "? -> ,",
    "root_cause": "ITRANS '\\,' (literal-comma escape) in sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx corrupted to '?' during upstream HTML pipeline at gitasupersite; propagated through h_c_panel/commentaries/bg_*.jsonl into substrate.",
    "verification_source": "sonos-paper/samvad_db/sources/sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx"
   }
  ]
 },
 "so_what_questions": [
  "What work is a single syllable doing when it simultaneously names Brahman, asserts existence, and consecrates a ritual — and can a single English word ever carry that load?",
  "If 'sat' names what is truly real, what does it mean to call a wedding ceremony 'sat-karma' — is the rite being aligned with Brahman, or is Brahman being invoked to guarantee the rite's outcome?",
  "Shankara and Ramanuja both accept the three usages but draw opposite metaphysical conclusions — what minimal doctrinal difference generates that split?",
  "Madhva reads 'sad-bhava' as pointing to Hari's act of generation: what is at stake in saying the real author of every sat-act is God, not the human performer?",
  "Madhusudana's shruti anchor (Chandogya 6.2.1) makes 'sat' a cosmological claim before it is a liturgical one — how does that sequencing shape what counts as a valid ritual?",
  "If polysemy is a design feature of Sanskrit, is this verse a deliberate polysemy-anchor: one syllable that must be read in at least three registers simultaneously to be understood at all?",
  "Sridhara's lexicographic approach treats the verse as a usage-catalogue — does treating scripture as a grammar of legitimate predication strengthen or weaken its claim to authority?"
 ],
 "everyday_applications": {
  "advaita": "Before committing to any major undertaking — a job, a marriage, a project — ask: 'Is this act grounded in what is genuinely real (sat), or in what I wish were real?' Advaita's 'sat' is a reality-test, not a blessing: it cuts through wishful framing.",
  "viśiṣṭādvaita": "When you describe your work as 'good work' (sat-karma), Ramanuja asks you to mean it cosmologically: the act is aligned with the Lord's own kalyane (goodness). This turns routine quality-consciousness into a form of kainkarya (service), not mere professional pride.",
  "dvaita": "Madhva's reading is a corrective to inflated self-authorship: if the act is genuinely 'sat,' Hari accomplished it through you, not you through yourself. In any success, credit flows upstream to the source; the jiva's job is to remain an unobstructed instrument.",
  "śuddhādvaita": "Vallabha's point is that every visible thing (vastu) is a site where Brahman has become manifest (avirbhutam). Calling ordinary daily objects or acts 'sat' is not loose usage — it is recognition that Brahman's self-disclosure is already present there, awaiting acknowledgment.",
  "bhakti": "Sridhara's three registers offer a practical discipline: before using the word 'good' about any act, check which register you mean — does it exist? is it excellent? is it auspicious? Conflating the three (as casual usage does) collapses distinctions that the tradition maintained for good reason.",
  "advaita-bhakti": "Madhusudana's double assurance reframes anxiety about outcomes: calling your act 'sat' is a claim that no hidden defect (vaigunya) will obstruct it AND that its fruit is real. The discipline is to mean both — to act with enough integrity and enough non-dual grounding that both claims are true simultaneously."
 },
 "primary_meaning": "The word *sat* names both existence and goodness, and it applies equally to auspicious acts like marriage, Arjuna, because any deed worthy of the name shares in both."
}