{
 "verse_id": "17.20",
 "mūla": {
  "devanāgarī": "दातव्यम् इति यद् दानं दीयते ऽनुपकारिणे | देशे काले च पात्रे च तद् दानं सात्त्विकं स्मृतम्",
  "iast": "dātavyam iti yad dānaṃ dīyate 'nupakāriṇe | deśe kāle ca pātre ca tad dānaṃ sāttvikaṃ smṛtam",
  "chapter_position": "Chapter 17 (Śraddhātraya-Vibhāga-Yoga (The Yoga of Distinction of Threefold Faith)), verse 20",
  "speaker": "Krishna",
  "addressed_to": "Arjuna"
 },
 "word_by_word": [
  {
   "surface_form": "dātavyam",
   "lemma": "dā",
   "grammar": "nominative neuter singular gdv noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "इति देशे काले पात्रे",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja",
      "vedantadeshika"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "दातव्यम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "iti",
   "lemma": "iti",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "इति"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "yat",
   "lemma": "yad",
   "grammar": "nominative neuter singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "यत्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "dānam",
   "lemma": "dāna",
   "grammar": "nominative neuter singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "दानम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "dīyate",
   "lemma": "√dā",
   "grammar": "present indicative pass 3rd person singular verb",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "अनुपकारिणे प्रत्युपकारासमर्थाय, समर्थायापि निरपेक्षं दीयते, देशे पुण्ये कुरुक्षेत्रादौ, काले संक्रान्त्यादौ, पात्रे",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "तद् दानं सात्त्विकं स्मृतम्",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja",
      "vedantadeshika"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": ", अनुपकारिणे,प्रत्युपकारासमर्थाय",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "अनुपकारिणे,प्रत्युपकाराजनकाय, देशे पुण्ये कुरुक्षेत्रादौ, काले",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "दीयते"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "anupakāriṇe",
   "lemma": "anupakārin",
   "grammar": "dative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "अनुपकारिणे"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "deśe",
   "lemma": "deśa",
   "grammar": "locative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "पुण्ये कुरुक्षेत्रादौ, काले संक्रान्त्यादौ, पात्रे",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "काले पात्रे",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "कुरुक्षेत्रादौ, काले ग्रहणादौ, पात्रे चेति देशकालादिसाहचर्यात्सप्तमी प्रयुक्ता",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "पुण्ये कुरुक्षेत्रादौ, काले",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "देशे"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "kāle",
   "lemma": "kāla",
   "grammar": "locative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "संक्रान्त्यादौ, पात्रे",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "पात्रे",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "ग्रहणादौ, पात्रे चेति देशकालादिसाहचर्यात्सप्तमी प्रयुक्ता",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "च पुण्ये सूर्योपरागादौ, पात्रे चेति चतुर्थ्यर्थे सप्तमी",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "काले"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "ca",
   "lemma": "ca",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "च"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "pātre",
   "lemma": "pātra",
   "grammar": "locative neuter singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "च षडङ्गविद्वेदपारग इत्यादौ,",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "च अनुपकारिणे यद् दानं दीयते तद् दानं सात्त्विकं स्मृतम्",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja",
      "vedantadeshika"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "चेति देशकालादिसाहचर्यात्सप्तमी प्रयुक्ता",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "चेति चतुर्थ्यर्थे सप्तमी",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "पात्रे"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "ca",
   "lemma": "ca",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "च"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "tat",
   "lemma": "tad",
   "grammar": "nominative neuter singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "तत्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "dānam",
   "lemma": "dāna",
   "grammar": "nominative neuter singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "दानम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "sāttvikam",
   "lemma": "sāttvika",
   "grammar": "nominative neuter singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "सात्त्विकम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "smṛtam",
   "lemma": "√smṛ",
   "grammar": "nominative neuter singular participle noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "स्मृतम्"
  }
 ],
 "intertextual_panel": [
  {
   "verse": "17.22",
   "type": "near-cluster echo",
   "score": 0.9042,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8542,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 12.2471,
    "stem_prefix": 5.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "17.21",
   "type": "next-verse continuation",
   "score": 0.9041,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8541,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 12.6218,
    "stem_prefix": 5.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "8.28",
   "type": "lemma-family resonance",
   "score": 0.8798,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8298,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 9.8268,
    "stem_prefix": 5.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "18.38",
   "type": "shared-vocabulary echo",
   "score": 0.8718,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8418,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 7.9476,
    "stem_prefix": 3.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "18.5",
   "type": "lemma-family resonance",
   "score": 0.8718,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8318,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 10.7524,
    "stem_prefix": 4.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "13.9",
   "type": "lemma-family resonance",
   "score": 0.871,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.831,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 9.4441,
    "stem_prefix": 4.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "18.25",
   "type": "lemma-family resonance",
   "score": 0.8702,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8302,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 9.1119,
    "stem_prefix": 4.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "17.25",
   "type": "near-cluster echo",
   "score": 0.8698,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8298,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 9.4441,
    "stem_prefix": 4.0
   }
  }
 ],
 "doctrinal_projections": {
  "advaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "shankara_17.20",
    "anandgiri_17.20"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Sattvik dana (giving as duty) is given with the resolve 'datavyam' (it must be given) — not to elicit return, but as nishtama-karma (desireless action) purifying the antahkarana (inner instrument). The fit recipient is one versed in the six Vedangas, given at a sacred desha (place) such as Kurukshetra, at an auspicious kala (time) such as the solstice. Such giving prepares the mind for jnana by exhausting vasanas (latent tendencies) without feeding more.",
   "divergence_note": "Shankara: 'datavyam iti evam manah krtva yat danam diyate anupakarine' — the decisive marker is kartavya-buddhi (duty-cognition), not phala-buddhi (result-cognition)."
  },
  "viśiṣṭādvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "ramanuja_17.20",
    "vedantadeshika_17.20"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Dana given free of phala-abhisandhi (fruit-expectation) to one who cannot reciprocate, at the right desha, kala, and patra, is sattvik because it expresses the soul's inherent mode of kainkarya (selfless service). The giver recognizes that all wealth is Bhagavan's and that right gifting participates in the divine economy of grace. Such dana purifies and orients the jiva toward bhakti-yoga.",
   "divergence_note": "Ramanuja: 'phala-abhisandhi-rahitam datavyam iti deshe kale patre ca anupakarine yat danam diyate tat danam sattvikam smrtam' — absence of expectation is the sattvik marker."
  },
  "dvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "madhva_17.20",
    "jayatirtha_17.20"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "*Dāna* (giving) is *sāttvika* when it flows from the recognition that giving is simply what *must* be done — *dātavyam iti* — not from expectation of return. The *paratantra* *jīva* holds nothing as its own; all wealth belongs to *svatantra* Hari, and its proper distribution is an expression of *bhakti* as ontological subordination. The three conditions named in the mūla — *deśe kāle ca pātre ca* (in the right place, at the right time, to the right recipient) — are not incidental: *deśa* (sacred place, Vaiṣṇava *tīrtha*) and *kāla* (auspicious time aligned with Hari's dispensation) fix the act within Hari's order, while *pātra* (the worthy vessel) names the Vaiṣṇava or *satpātra* Brahmin who stands as Hari's representative. Giving to the *anupakārin* — one from whom no return benefit is expected — dissolves the transactional ego that would assert the *jīva*'s self-sufficiency. The *pañca-bheda* order is implicitly honored: the *jīva* who gives is real and distinct from Hari, distinct from other *jīvas*, and distinct from the material gift — yet the act, rightly performed in *deśa*, *kāla*, and to the proper *pātra*, draws the *jīva* into alignment with Hari's sovereign will. *Tad dānaṃ sāttvikaṃ smṛtam* — such giving is declared *sāttvika* because it proceeds from *jñāna* of one's dependent status and terminates in the glorification of Hari alone.",
   "divergence_note": "Madhva and Jayatīrtha are silent on this verse. Reading voiced directly from Dvaita *siddhānta* applied to the mūla: *paratantra*-*jīva* as conduit, *pañca-bheda* implicitly honored in the structure of giver–gift–recipient, and the three conditions read as markers of Hari's sovereign order rather than bare ritual prescriptions.",
   "provenance": "siddhānta_reconstruction"
  },
  "śuddhādvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "vallabha_17.20"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Vallabha notes briefly that the verse is self-evident ('subodha-arthah'), pointing to Krishna's lila-prasada as the source and endpoint of all giving. On the Pushti-marga reading, sattvik dana flows from the recognition that the giver, the gift, and the recipient are all Krishna's own. Giving without expectation is simply the natural movement of a soul that has tasted grace and no longer grasps.",
   "divergence_note": "Vallabha: 'datavyam iti... subodha-arthah' — he leaves the verse's meaning as self-evident, a characteristic Pushti-marga gesture that trusts bhava over analysis."
  },
  "bhakti": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "sridhara_17.20"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Sridhara gives the most syntactically careful reading: 'patra' (the fit recipient) is parsed both as a locative ('in the worthy one') and as a taddhita form meaning 'the protector' — the scholar equipped with tapas and shruta who shields the giver from adharma. Giving with the resolve 'datavyam' (this must be given), at Kurukshetra or a sacred crossing (kala such as a solar eclipse), to such a qualified Brahmin, constitutes sattvik dana.",
   "divergence_note": "Sridhara: 'patra tapasshrutadi-sampannaya brahmanaya' and alternatively 'patra = raksaka' — the double parsing of patra is Sridhara's distinctive philological contribution."
  },
  "advaita-bhakti": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "madhusudan_17.20"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Madhusudana emphasizes shastra-chodana (scriptural injunction) as the sole trigger — 'datavyam eva shastra-chodana-vashat' — not emotional impulse or expected return. The gift (here citing the tulapurusha rite and similar dana-forms) must reach someone who cannot reciprocate, at a sacred site, at an auspicious moment, and a patra who is qualified by vidya and tapas to receive and protect the merit. The synthesis: dana as jnana-yajna — the fire of knowledge burns attachment to the gift.",
   "divergence_note": "Madhusudana: 'datavyam eva shastra-chodana-vashat iti evam nischayena na tu phala-abhisandina' and 'vidya-tapo-yuktaya patrac raksaka-iti va' — dual parsing matches Sridhara but grounds it in Advaita's jnana-frame."
  },
  "vishishtadvaita": {
   "score": 0.5
  },
  "shuddhadvaiita": {
   "score": 0.5
  }
 },
 "prosodic_information": {
  "meter": "anuṣṭubh",
  "meter_shift_from_previous": false,
  "meter_shift_to_next": false,
  "pragmatic_context": {
   "vocative": "",
   "preceding_question": "",
   "following_response": ""
  }
 },
 "theme_list_memberships": [
  {
   "list": "सात्त्विक",
   "role": "supporting",
   "other_verses_in_list": [
    "7.12",
    "12.11",
    "14.16",
    "17.2",
    "17.4",
    "17.8",
    "17.11",
    "17.17",
    "18.9",
    "18.20",
    "18.23",
    "18.26",
    "18.30",
    "18.33",
    "18.37"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "audit_trail": {
  "substrate_version": "v2.6-frozen",
  "fitted_weights": {
   "a": 1.0,
   "b": 0.01,
   "e_v": 0.005,
   "z": 0.2,
   "h": 0.0,
   "th": 0.01
  },
  "corpus_provenance": {
   "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness",
   "panel_witnesses": [
    "bg-mula",
    "bg-shankara",
    "bg-ramanuja",
    "bg-madhva",
    "bg-vedantadeshika",
    "bg-vallabha",
    "bg-jayatirtha",
    "bg-anandgiri",
    "bg-sridhara",
    "bg-madhusudan"
   ]
  },
  "extraction_date": "2026-04-21",
  "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B",
  "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)",
  "post_generation_repairs": [
   {
    "date": "2026-05-03",
    "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (broader heuristic: prefix-√root canonical for all verb-tagged tokens)",
    "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma",
    "loci": [
     "dīyate: dā -> √dā",
     "smṛtam: smṛ -> √smṛ"
    ]
   },
   {
    "kind": "qmark_artifact_repair",
    "applied_at": "2026-05-08T01:56:14.975799Z",
    "applied_by": "summon-web/scripts/repair_qmark_artifacts.py",
    "n_senses_repaired": 10,
    "substitution": "? -> ,",
    "root_cause": "ITRANS '\\,' (literal-comma escape) in sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx corrupted to '?' during upstream HTML pipeline at gitasupersite; propagated through h_c_panel/commentaries/bg_*.jsonl into substrate.",
    "verification_source": "sonos-paper/samvad_db/sources/sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx"
   }
  ]
 },
 "so_what_questions": [
  "If 'datavyam' (it must be given) is the decisive mental gesture, how does one cultivate that resolve without it becoming a performance of duty rather than an actual release of the gift?",
  "The verse specifies giving to 'anupakarine' (one who cannot reciprocate) — does this rule out all institutional or professional philanthropy where the giver receives social capital?",
  "Desha, kala, patra are listed as conditions: which condition is most easily violated in modern life, and what is the cost of violating just one?",
  "Sridhara's double parsing of 'patra' — as the qualified recipient and as 'the protector' — raises the question: does the recipient carry an obligation to the giver that sattvik dana intends to cancel?",
  "Madhusudana anchors sattvik dana in shastra-chodana (scriptural injunction) rather than feeling: can a secular person access this mode of giving, or does it require a ritual framework?",
  "All five commentators present agree there is no return owed: what happens psychologically when the donor expects gratitude even without consciously seeking material return?",
  "The verse opens the three-verse dana sequence (17.20-22): does sattvik dana become rajasik or tamasik simply by context, or must intent at the moment of giving carry the entire weight?"
 ],
 "everyday_applications": {
  "advaita": "Before each act of giving — time, money, attention — pause and check whether kartavya-buddhi (duty-mind) or phala-buddhi (reward-mind) is driving. If you catch phala-buddhi, do not suppress it morally; instead recognize it as the antahkarana seeking reinforcement, and return to the resolve 'datavyam' as a corrective until the giving happens without internal negotiation.",
  "vishishtadvaita": "Treat your income as held in trust for Bhagavan, not owned. When giving, internally offer the act as kainkarya — 'this flows from You back through me to Your representative.' This reframes charitable giving from personal generosity to participation in the divine economy, which removes the sting of parting with resources and the pride of being a benefactor.",
  "dvaita": "Identify one person in your life who genuinely cannot return a favor — an elderly relative, a struggling stranger, a student you will never see again. Designate a regular, structured gift to them. The structure (regular desha-kala-patra conditions) substitutes for the liturgical setting the verse assumes and trains dependent surrender in modern form.",
  "shuddhadvaiita": "Let the gift arise from fullness, not from calculation. On the Pushti-marga reading, sattvik giving is natural to a soul touched by grace — forced giving is rajasik even when formally correct. Cultivate bhava (devotional feeling) first; right giving follows. Practically: give something you genuinely love, not just surplus.",
  "bhakti": "Take Sridhara's 'patra as protector' seriously: choose recipients who will use the gift wisely and thereby protect your intent. Indiscriminate giving is not sattvik; it is tamasik (17.22). Do some inquiry into whether the recipient has the tapas and shruta to steward what you give — this is not elitism but respect for the conditions that make giving whole.",
  "advaita-bhakti": "Use Madhusudana's shastra-chodana anchor in secular form: make a prior written commitment to give a fixed share of income before you see the money (auto-transfer at paycheck). The scriptural injunction becomes a pre-committed rule that removes the in-the-moment negotiation. The dana-yajna burns the attachment before it can form."
 },
 "primary_meaning": "Giving because it must be given, to someone who cannot repay you, in the right place and at the right time and to a worthy recipient, that is *sāttvika* giving."
}