{
 "verse_id": "17.13",
 "mūla": {
  "devanāgarī": "विधि-हीनम् असृष्टान्नं मन्त्र-हीनम् अदक्षिणम् | श्रद्धा-विरहितं यज्ञं तामसं परिचक्षते",
  "iast": "vidhi-hīnam asṛṣṭānnaṃ mantra-hīnam adakṣiṇam | śraddhā-virahitaṃ yajñaṃ tāmasaṃ paricakṣate",
  "chapter_position": "Chapter 17 (Śraddhātraya-Vibhāga-Yoga (The Yoga of Distinction of Threefold Faith)), verse 13",
  "speaker": "Krishna",
  "addressed_to": "Arjuna"
 },
 "word_by_word": [
  {
   "surface_form": "vidhi",
   "lemma": "vidhi",
   "grammar": "compound masculine (compound member)",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "विधि"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "hīnam",
   "lemma": "√hā",
   "grammar": "accusative masculine singular participle noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "हीनम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "a",
   "lemma": "a",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "अ"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "sṛṣṭa",
   "lemma": "√sṛj",
   "grammar": "compound participle (compound member)",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "सृष्ट"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "annam",
   "lemma": "anna",
   "grammar": "accusative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "अन्नम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "mantra",
   "lemma": "mantra",
   "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "मन्त्र"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "hīnam",
   "lemma": "√hā",
   "grammar": "accusative masculine singular participle noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "हीनम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "adakṣiṇam",
   "lemma": "adakṣiṇa",
   "grammar": "accusative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "उक्तदक्षिणारहितम्, श्रद्धाविरहितं यज्ञं तामसं परिचक्षते तमोनिर्वृत्तं कथयन्ति",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "अदक्षिणम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "śraddhā",
   "lemma": "śraddhā",
   "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "श्रद्धा"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "virahitam",
   "lemma": "virahita",
   "grammar": "accusative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "विरहितम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "yajñam",
   "lemma": "yajña",
   "grammar": "accusative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "यज्ञम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "tāmasam",
   "lemma": "tāmasa",
   "grammar": "accusative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "तामसम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "paricakṣate",
   "lemma": "pari-√cakṣ",
   "grammar": "present indicative 3rd person plural verb",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "तमोनिर्वृत्तं कथयन्ति",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "।अथ तपसो गुणतः त्रैविध्यं वक्तुं तस्य शरीरवाङ्मनोभिः निष्पाद्यतया तत्स्वरूपभेदं तावद् आह --",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "कथयन्ति शिष्टाः",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "शिष्टाः",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "परिचक्षते"
  }
 ],
 "intertextual_panel": [
  {
   "verse": "17.11",
   "type": "near-cluster echo",
   "score": 0.8885,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8585,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 6.1523,
    "stem_prefix": 3.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "17.1",
   "type": "lemma-family resonance",
   "score": 0.8869,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8469,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 10.2171,
    "stem_prefix": 4.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "4.33",
   "type": "long-distance thematic echo",
   "score": 0.8791,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8491,
    "theme_graph": 1.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 2.5984,
    "stem_prefix": 2.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "17.2",
   "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel",
   "score": 0.8766,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8466,
    "theme_graph": 1.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 7.6187,
    "stem_prefix": 2.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "4.31",
   "type": "shared-vocabulary echo",
   "score": 0.873,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.853,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 5.4845,
    "stem_prefix": 2.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "3.10",
   "type": "shared-vocabulary echo",
   "score": 0.8718,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8418,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 6.8455,
    "stem_prefix": 3.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "17.4",
   "type": "shared-vocabulary echo",
   "score": 0.8716,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8416,
    "theme_graph": 0.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 6.6632,
    "stem_prefix": 3.0
   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "3.31",
   "type": "long-distance thematic echo",
   "score": 0.8701,
   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8401,
    "theme_graph": 1.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
    "lemma_overlap": 4.0647,
    "stem_prefix": 2.0
   }
  }
 ],
 "doctrinal_projections": {
  "advaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "shankara_17.13",
    "anandgiri_17.13"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "A yajña (sacrifice) is declared tamasic (tamas-driven) when it is vidhi-hina (devoid of scriptural injunction) — that is, performed contrary to what the texts prescribe. Equally disqualifying: no anna is distributed to brahmanas (asrishta-anna), the mantras are defective in svara (accent) or varna (phoneme), the prescribed dakshina (honorarium) is withheld, and shraddha (reverential intent) is wholly absent. Shankara's gloss is terse and enumerative: each defect is a category of negation, and their conjunction produces rite that generates tamas rather than antahkarana-shuddhi (purification of the inner instrument) needed as prerequisite for jnana.",
   "divergence_note": "Shankara lists: vidhi-hinam = 'viparita of what the text commands'; asrishta-annam = 'anna not given to brahmanas'; mantra-hinam = 'defective in svara, varna, or the mantra itself'; adakshinam = 'without the stipulated honorarium'; shraddha-virahitam = tamo-nirvritta (produced by tamas).",
   "commentator": "Shankaracharya"
  },
  "viśiṣṭādvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "ramanuja_17.13",
    "vedantadeshika_17.13"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Ramanuja specifies that vidhi-hina means lacking the directive of qualified brahmanas who know proper conduct (sadachara-yukta, vidhi-vid brahmanas) — concretely, the rite performed without those knowers saying 'yajasva' (you should sacrifice). Asrishta-anna for him is achudita-dravya, material not enjoined by the canon. The remaining defects — mantra-hina, adakshina, and shraddha-virahita — compound the disqualification. In Ramanuja's frame, a rite stripped of Bhagavan's sanction through proper brahmana mediation fails as kainkarya (service) and cannot serve as upaya (means) toward bhakti-yoga.",
   "divergence_note": "Ramanuja: 'vidhi-hinam = brahmana-ukta-vidhi-hinam... yajasya iti ukti-hinam; asrishta-annam = achudita-dravyam' — the emphasis is on brahmana-mediated sanction, not mere textual compliance.",
   "commentator": "Ramanujacharya"
  },
  "dvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "madhva_17.13",
    "jayatirtha_17.13"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "*Vidhi-hīnam* (devoid of Vedic injunction), *asṛṣṭānnam* (without distribution of food), *mantra-hīnam* (lacking proper mantra-recitation), *adakṣiṇam* (without sacrificial honorarium), and *śraddhā-virahitam* (bereft of *śraddhā*, faith) — a sacrifice carrying all five deficiencies is declared *tāmasa*. From the dvaita reading, each of these five elements is not merely formal but ontologically required: the *paratantra* *jīva* has no independent capacity to generate valid worship; prescribed *vidhi*, mantra, *dakṣiṇā*, anna-distribution, and *śraddhā* together constitute the structure through which *bhakti* as ontological subordination actually reaches *svatantra* Hari. Strip any one, and the rite falls outside *Viṣṇu-sevā* altogether. Strip all five, and the act is not a degraded sacrifice — it is no sacrifice at all, a *tāmasa* counterfeit that reinforces *bheda*-blindness rather than realizing the *pañca-bheda* (the five-fold real distinction: Lord–*jīva*, Lord–matter, *jīva–jīva*, *jīva*–matter, matter–matter) in its proper devotional order. *Taratamya* (graded ontological hierarchy) demands that offerings ascend through exact prescription; a *tāmasa* rite, performed without these qualifications, cannot occupy any position in that ascent.",
   "divergence_note": "No bhāṣya from Madhva or Jayatīrtha is extant on this verse. The reading is voiced directly from dvaita siddhānta applied to the mūla's five named deficiencies.",
   "commentator": "Madhvacharya",
   "provenance": "siddhānta_reconstruction"
  },
  "śuddhādvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "vallabha_17.13"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "*Vidhi-hīna* (devoid of injunctive order), *asṛṣṭānna* (with no food distributed), *mantra-hīna* (stripped of sacred utterance), *adakṣiṇam* (without honorific gift), and *śraddhā-virahita* (emptied of faith) — such a *yajña* (sacrifice) is declared *tāmasa* (of the nature of *tamas*). In *śuddhādvaita*, Brahman alone is real and the world is Brahman's own self-manifestation (*svābhāvika* expression), not a māyā-conjured shadow. Sacrifice therefore belongs to this real world as a genuine act of *sevā* (loving service) before Śrī Kṛṣṇa. A rite meeting none of these five conditions is not merely procedurally deficient; it is wholly severed from the current of *puṣṭi* (Kṛṣṇa's sustaining grace). *Puṣṭi-mārga* (the path of grace) holds that Kṛṣṇa's descent of grace requires a vessel — an act offered with *śraddhā* (faith-filled earnestness), proper *vidhi* (injunctive form), *mantra*, *dakṣiṇā*, and shared *anna* (food). When all five are absent, the act carries no *brahma-sambandha* (binding relation to Brahman); the one who performs it is, in effect, acting for himself alone, which is the mark of *tamas*. The *rasa* (devotional-aesthetic flavor) that transforms rite into *prasāda*-occasion requires at minimum the *śraddhā* that opens the jīva to *puṣṭi*; without it, Kṛṣṇa's grace finds no opening, and what remains is mechanical motion devoid of *prema* (love).",
   "divergence_note": "No bhāṣya from Vallabhācārya on this verse is transmitted. The reading is voiced directly from *śuddhādvaita* siddhānta — the real-world-as-Brahman-manifestation doctrine, *puṣṭi-mārga*, *brahma-sambandha*, and *sevā* — applied to the five defects named in the mūla.",
   "commentator": "Vallabhacharya",
   "provenance": "siddhānta_reconstruction"
  },
  "bhakti": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "sridhara_17.13"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Sridhara introduces the verse explicitly as 'he now describes tamasic sacrifice' and glosses vidhi-hina as shastra-ukta-vidhi-shunya (wholly empty of the procedure the shastra has articulated). Asrishta-anna: the food ingredient not given forth, not prepared for brahmanas and the like. The wise (shishtas) declare such a rite — mantra-defective, honorarium-lacking, faith-empty — to be tamasic. His voice is balanced and pedagogical: the five defects form a complete checklist of what the tradition's practitioners would recognize as disqualifying a public rite.",
   "divergence_note": "Sridhara: 'vidhi-hinam = shastra-ukta-vidhi-shunyam; asrishta-annam = brahmanadi-bhyah na srishtam na nishpaditam annam yasmin tam; ... shishtas tamasam parichakshate.'",
   "commentator": "Sridhara Svami"
  },
  "advaita-bhakti": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "madhusudan_17.13"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Madhusudana accepts Shankara's enumeration but extends it analytically: each of the five defects (vidhi-hina, anna-dana-hina, svara-varna-mantra-hina, dakshina-hina, shraddha-rahita) constitutes a distinct tamasic species — five mono-defect variants, one penta-defect form, and multiple combinatorial forms. He adds a pointed contrast: in a rajasic rite, even without antahkarana-shuddhi, apurva (unseen karmic result) accrues because the procedure is correctly executed; in the tamasic rite, incorrect execution produces no apurva whatsoever — making it worse than the rajasic in metaphysical yield. The synthesizing voice surfaces in his noting that the shraddha-defect often arises from rtvij-dvesha (animosity toward the officiants), pointing toward the bhakti-register of interior disposition.",
   "divergence_note": "Madhusudana: 'vidhi-hinatvad-eka-eka-visheshanah pancha-vidhah... sarva-visheshana-samuccayena chaikavido iti shat... tamase tv ayatha-shastra-anushthanan na kimapi apurvam asti iti atishayah; rtvij-dvesha-adina shraddha-rahitam.'",
   "commentator": "Madhusudana Sarasvati"
  },
  "vishishtadvaita": {
   "score": 0.5
  },
  "shuddhadvaitа": {
   "score": 0.5
  }
 },
 "prosodic_information": {
  "meter": "anuṣṭubh",
  "meter_shift_from_previous": false,
  "meter_shift_to_next": false,
  "pragmatic_context": {
   "vocative": "",
   "preceding_question": "",
   "following_response": ""
  }
 },
 "theme_list_memberships": [
  {
   "list": "श्रद्धा",
   "role": "supporting",
   "other_verses_in_list": [
    "3.31",
    "4.33",
    "4.39",
    "6.47",
    "7.21",
    "17.2",
    "17.3",
    "18.71"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "audit_trail": {
  "substrate_version": "v2.6-frozen",
  "fitted_weights": {
   "a": 1.0,
   "b": 0.01,
   "e_v": 0.005,
   "z": 0.2,
   "h": 0.0,
   "th": 0.01
  },
  "corpus_provenance": {
   "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness",
   "panel_witnesses": [
    "bg-mula",
    "bg-shankara",
    "bg-ramanuja",
    "bg-madhva",
    "bg-vedantadeshika",
    "bg-vallabha",
    "bg-jayatirtha",
    "bg-anandgiri",
    "bg-sridhara",
    "bg-madhusudan"
   ]
  },
  "extraction_date": "2026-04-21",
  "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B",
  "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)",
  "post_generation_repairs": [
   {
    "date": "2026-05-03",
    "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (broader heuristic: prefix-√root canonical for all verb-tagged tokens)",
    "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma",
    "loci": [
     "hīnam: hā -> √hā",
     "sṛṣṭa: sṛj -> √sṛj",
     "hīnam: hā -> √hā",
     "paricakṣate: paricakṣ -> pari-√cakṣ"
    ]
   },
   {
    "kind": "qmark_artifact_repair",
    "applied_at": "2026-05-08T01:56:14.969227Z",
    "applied_by": "summon-web/scripts/repair_qmark_artifacts.py",
    "n_senses_repaired": 1,
    "substitution": "? -> ,",
    "root_cause": "ITRANS '\\,' (literal-comma escape) in sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx corrupted to '?' during upstream HTML pipeline at gitasupersite; propagated through h_c_panel/commentaries/bg_*.jsonl into substrate.",
    "verification_source": "sonos-paper/samvad_db/sources/sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx"
   }
  ]
 },
 "so_what_questions": [
  "If shraddha (faith, reverential intent) is the final disqualifier listed, does the verse imply that sincere intent can partially redeem procedural defects — or is each defect independently sufficient to render the rite tamasic?",
  "Ramanuja ties vidhi to brahmana sanction ('yajasva iti ukti-hinam') while Shankara ties it directly to shastra: does this divergence reveal a deeper disagreement about whether scripture operates through qualified persons or independently as pramana?",
  "Madhusudana identifies rtvij-dvesha (animosity toward officiants) as a generator of shraddha-absence: what does this say about the relationship between interpersonal ethical quality and ritual validity?",
  "Madhusudana counts five mono-defect and multiple combinatorial tamasic subtypes: is tamas a scalar quality (more defects = more tamas) or a threshold phenomenon (any single defect suffices to flip the category)?",
  "The verse names anna-dana (food distribution) as a structural element of yajña — not merely an add-on: what does this imply about the economic and redistributive function built into Vedic ritual as an anti-tamasic mechanism?",
  "Given that Dvaita and Shuddhadvaita bhashyas are absent from the transmitted corpus for this verse, what does the patterned silence of some commentators on certain verses tell us about the polemical priorities of each school?",
  "The mantra-defect is specified as both svara (tonal accent) and varna (phoneme): does this mean a rite performed with correct intent but imperfect pronunciation is tamasic, and what does that imply for non-Brahmin practitioners?"
 ],
 "everyday_applications": {
  "advaita": "Before executing any significant professional commitment — a presentation, a contract, a meeting — ask: have I actually read the relevant standards (vidhi), allocated the proper resources (anna), used the right vocabulary and form (mantra), fulfilled the stated obligations (dakshina), and am I genuinely engaged or going through motions (shraddha)? Shankara's frame says a technically defective effort produces mental tamas — dullness, not clarity — regardless of good intentions.",
  "vishishtadvaita": "Ramanuja's emphasis on brahmana-mediated sanction translates to seeking counsel from those who actually know the domain before acting. Starting a project without consulting people who say 'yes, this is the right approach' (yajasva-equivalent) is operating vidhi-hina. Build in a step of qualified endorsement before execution, not as bureaucracy but as kainkarya — serving the work properly.",
  "dvaita": "In Madhva's frame every role is a position of dependence on a higher order. When you shortcut a process at work — skip documentation, skip proper acknowledgment, skip fair compensation — you are not just being sloppy; you are acting as though the hierarchy of obligations does not apply to you. Tamasic action in Dvaita is action that denies the structure of dependency.",
  "shuddhadvaita": "Vallabha's Pushti-marga locates the flaw in lovelessness. The practical test: are you giving something of yourself (anna-equivalent) to the people involved, or extracting? A meeting where you distribute nothing — no attention, no generosity, no genuine acknowledgment of others — is tamasic regardless of how formally correct it looks on the calendar.",
  "bhakti": "Sridhara's checklist is practical: before any collective undertaking (a team ritual, a family ceremony, a community event), explicitly verify the five elements. Is the procedure understood by all participants (vidhi)? Is something given to those who serve (anna)? Are the right words used in the right way (mantra)? Is fair recognition given (dakshina)? Is everyone genuinely invested (shraddha)? Checking five boxes is not bureaucracy — it is what distinguishes a real event from an empty performance.",
  "advaita-bhakti": "Madhusudana's observation that rtvij-dvesha (resentment toward co-participants) generates the shraddha-defect is the most directly actionable insight: if you find yourself resentful of colleagues or collaborators while performing a shared obligation, the inner quality of the work has already gone tamasic, regardless of external form. The corrective is to address the relational friction first — not to perfect the procedure while the animosity persists."
 },
 "primary_meaning": "A sacrifice is called tamasic when it ignores scriptural rules, distributes no food, lacks proper mantras, gives no honorarium, and is performed without faith."
}