{
 "verse_id": "15.13",
 "mūla": {
  "devanāgarī": "गाम् आविश्य च भूतानि धारयाम्य् अहम् ओजसा | पुष्णामि चौषधीः सर्वाः सोमो भूत्वा रसात्मकः",
  "iast": "gām āviśya ca bhūtāni dhārayāmy aham ojasā | puṣṇāmi cauṣadhīḥ sarvāḥ somo bhūtvā rasātmakaḥ",
  "chapter_position": "Chapter 15 (Puruṣottama-Yoga (The Yoga of the Supreme Person)), verse 13",
  "speaker": "Krishna",
  "addressed_to": "Arjuna"
 },
 "word_by_word": [
  {
   "surface_form": "gām",
   "lemma": "go",
   "grammar": "accusative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "गाम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "āviśya",
   "lemma": "āviś",
   "grammar": "conv",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "प्रविश्य धारयामि भूतानि जगत् अहम् ओजसा बलेन",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "सर्वाणि भूतानि ओजसा मम अप्रतिहतसामर्थ्येन धारयामि",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "आविश्य"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "ca",
   "lemma": "ca",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "च"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "bhūtāni",
   "lemma": "bhūta",
   "grammar": "accusative neuter plural noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "जगत् अहम् ओजसा बलेन",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "ओजसा मम अप्रतिहतसामर्थ्येन धारयामि",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "धारयामि तत्र धारणशक्तिर्मदंशतेजोभूता",
     "school": "śuddhādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "vallabha"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "धारयामि, अहमेव रसमयः सोमो भूत्वा व्रीह्याद्यौषधीः सर्वाः संवर्धयामि",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "पृथिव्याधेयानि वस्तून्यहमेव धारयामि",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "भूतानि"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "dhārayāmi",
   "lemma": "√dhāray",
   "grammar": "present indicative 1st person singular verb",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "धारयामि"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "aham",
   "lemma": "mad",
   "grammar": "nominative singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "अहम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "ojasā",
   "lemma": "ojas",
   "grammar": "instrumental neuter singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "बलेन यत् बलं कामरागविवर्जितम् ऐश्वरं रूपं जगद्विधारणाय पृथिव्याम् आविष्टं येन पृथिवी गुर्वी न अधः पतति न विदीर्यते च। त",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "मम अप्रतिहतसामर्थ्येन धारयामि",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "भुवमाविश्य भूतानि धारयामि तत्र धारणशक्तिर्मदंशतेजोभूता",
     "school": "śuddhādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "vallabha"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "निजेन बलेन पृथिवीं धूलिमुष्टितुल्यां दृढीकृत्य भूतानि पृथिव्याधेयानि वस्तून्यहमेव धारयामि",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "ओजसा"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "puṣṇāmi",
   "lemma": "√puṣ",
   "grammar": "present indicative 1st person singular verb",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "पुष्टिमतीः रसस्वादुमतीश्च करोमि सोमो भूत्वा रसात्मकः सोमः सन् रसात्मकः रसस्वभावः",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "। इदं च सोमोत्पत्तौ निरूपितम्।",
     "school": "śuddhādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "vallabha"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "पुष्टिमतीः स्वादुमतीश्च करोमि",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "पुष्णामि"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "ca",
   "lemma": "ca",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "च"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "oṣadhīḥ",
   "lemma": "oṣadhi",
   "grammar": "accusative feminine plural noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "ओषधीः"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "sarvāḥ",
   "lemma": "sarva",
   "grammar": "accusative feminine plural noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "व्रीहियवाद्याः पुष्णामि पुष्टिमतीः रसस्वादुमतीश्च करोमि सोमो भूत्वा रसात्मकः सोमः सन् रसात्मकः रसस्वभावः",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara",
      "anandgiri"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "संवर्धयामि",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "सर्वाः"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "somaḥ",
   "lemma": "soma",
   "grammar": "nominative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "सोमः"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "bhūtvā",
   "lemma": "bhū",
   "grammar": "conv",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "रसात्मकः सोमः सन् रसात्मकः रसस्वभावः",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "सर्वौषधीः पुष्णामि",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "व्रीह्याद्यौषधीः सर्वाः संवर्धयामि",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "ओषधीः सर्वा व्रीहियवाद्याः पृथिव्यां जाता अहमेव पुष्णामि पुष्टिमतीः स्वादुमतीश्च करोमि",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "भूत्वा"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "rasa",
   "lemma": "rasa",
   "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "रस"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "ātmakaḥ",
   "lemma": "ātmaka",
   "grammar": "nominative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "आत्मकः"
  }
 ],
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   "verse": "10.24",
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  "advaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "shankara_15.13",
    "anandgiri_15.13"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "The Lord as Brahman — whose power (ojas) is utterly free of desire (kāma) and attachment (rāga) — enters (āviśya) the earth (gā) not as a personal agent but as the very ground of its cohesion; the Taittirīya-mantra 'yeṇa dyaur ugrā pṛthivī ca dṛḍhā' is cited by Śaṅkara as the Vedic witness for this upholding. Entering as Soma — whose essential nature (svabhāva) is the totality of all tastes (sarvarasa) — It causes all grains and herbs (oṣadhīs) to be nourished, infusing its own rasa into them. The Paramātman here is the impersonal force behind cosmic regularity, not a responding devotee-lord; the appearance of agency is upādhika (conditioned by adjunct) and should not be read as implying a personal Īśvara distinct from Brahman."
  },
  "viśiṣṭādvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "ramanuja_15.13",
    "vedantadeshika_15.13"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Bhagavān, whose power (sāmarthya) is never obstructed (apratihata), enters the earth as its inner controller (antaryāmin) and bears all beings — this upholding is an act of his sovereign omnipotence, not a mere natural force. He then becomes Soma filled with the amṛta-rasa (nectar-essence) and nourishes all the oṣadhīs — his universal body includes earth and plant-life as real modes (viśeṣaṇas), not illusory appearances. Rāmānuja's two-line bhāṣya is deliberately compact here: both acts — holding the earth and nourishing herbs — are presented as direct personal kainkarya (service-acts) of Bhagavān on behalf of all jīvas who dwell within his body."
  },
  "dvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "madhva_15.13",
    "jayatirtha_15.13"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Madhva reads this verse (bundled with 15.12–14) as a concrete elaboration of the jñāna declared in the prior verse: 'gā' means bhūmi (earth), and the Lord's entry into it and upholding of beings is an expression of his absolutely independent (svatantra) sovereignty — a sovereignty no jīva ever shares. The nourishing of oṣadhīs by Soma-form is likewise the Lord's direct activity, not mediated by any secondary principle; the jīva is utterly dependent (paratantra), witnessing Hari's action but never the agent of it. Dvaita's characteristic insistence is that the distinction between the upholding Brahman and the upheld world is eternal and real, not sublatable."
  },
  "śuddhādvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "vallabha_15.13"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Vallabha sees here the same divine śakti (power) that was disclosed in the Sun-passage now shown in earth and plant-life: the holding-power (dhāraṇa-śakti) and the nourishing-power (poṣaṇa-śakti) are both 'madīya' — portions of Kṛṣṇa's own tejas (radiance). The Soma who nourishes is described as rasa-ātmaka and amṛtamaya — Kṛṣṇa as the very substance of delight (ānanda-rasa); this is not cosmic management but the overflow of his līlā-prasāda. Vallabha elsewhere roots Soma in the primordial sṛṣṭi-account, and his parenthetical 'idam ca somōtpattau nirūpitam' signals that the nourishing Soma is the same Kṛṣṇa whose genesis as cosmic delight-essence has already been established in his own corpus."
  },
  "bhakti": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "sridhara_15.13"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Śrīdhara renders the verse with devotional directness: 'I alone (aham eva), having taken up my station in the earth (ojas = bala = adhiṣṭhāna), uphold all moving and unmoving beings (carācara).' The second hemistich is equally personal — 'I alone, becoming the rasa-filled Soma, cause all grains and herbs to grow (saṃvardhayāmi).' The word 'saṃvardhayāmi' (he nourishes to fullness) slightly exceeds Śaṅkara's 'puṣṇāmi' in its developmental sense, consistent with his bhakti-inflected reading where Bhagavān is not merely a substrate-force but a nurturing presence. Śrīdhara's commentary is clean of philosophical technicality: the import is that every harvest, every grains-weight, is the Lord's direct gift."
  },
  "advaita-bhakti": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "madhusudan_15.13"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Madhusūdana brings both registers to bear: philosophically, the Lord enters earth as pṛthivī-devatā-rūpa (the form of the earth-deity) and, by his own sovereign ojas, compacts what would otherwise — as Madhusūdana vividly puts it — crumble like a fistful of sand (sikatāmuṣṭivad viśīryeta) or sink downward. The Taittirīya-mantra and Hiraṇyagarbha-identification are invoked to show that it is Bhagavān himself who is the cosmogonic cohesive force. Yet the second act — becoming the rasa-ātmaka Soma to make all herbs nourishing (puṣṭimatīḥ) and flavourful (svādumatīḥ) — is described with the warmth of a personal gift: Bhagavān not only upholds but sweetens, which for Madhusūdana is the Kṛṣṇa-bhakta's experience of grace concealed within natural abundance."
  }
 },
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  "meter": "anuṣṭubh",
  "meter_shift_from_previous": false,
  "meter_shift_to_next": false,
  "pragmatic_context": {
   "vocative": "",
   "preceding_question": "",
   "following_response": ""
  }
 },
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  "corpus_provenance": {
   "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness",
   "panel_witnesses": [
    "bg-mula",
    "bg-shankara",
    "bg-ramanuja",
    "bg-madhva",
    "bg-vedantadeshika",
    "bg-vallabha",
    "bg-jayatirtha",
    "bg-anandgiri",
    "bg-sridhara",
    "bg-madhusudan"
   ]
  },
  "extraction_date": "2026-04-21",
  "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B",
  "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)",
  "post_generation_repairs": [
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    "date": "2026-05-03",
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    "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma",
    "loci": [
     "dhārayāmi: dhāray -> √dhāray",
     "puṣṇāmi: puṣ -> √puṣ"
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   {
    "kind": "qmark_artifact_repair",
    "applied_at": "2026-05-08T01:56:14.930994Z",
    "applied_by": "summon-web/scripts/repair_qmark_artifacts.py",
    "n_senses_repaired": 1,
    "substitution": "? -> ,",
    "root_cause": "ITRANS '\\,' (literal-comma escape) in sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx corrupted to '?' during upstream HTML pipeline at gitasupersite; propagated through h_c_panel/commentaries/bg_*.jsonl into substrate.",
    "verification_source": "sonos-paper/samvad_db/sources/sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx"
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 },
 "so_what_questions": [
  "If the same Paramātman who upholds the earth also nourishes the grain, what remains of 'natural causation' as an independent category — and does collapsing that category liberate or merely confuse?",
  "Madhva insists the upholding power belongs to Hari alone and the jīva is purely paratantra (dependent). Does complete dependence on a sovereign Lord make ethical agency possible or does it dissolve it?",
  "Vallabha's Soma is 'amṛtamaya' — made of nectar-delight. What would it mean to eat a meal with the awareness that the flavour itself is a form of Kṛṣṇa's rasa rather than a chemical property?",
  "Śaṅkara cites the Vedic mantra 'yeṇa dyaur ugrā pṛthivī ca dṛḍhā' to anchor this verse in śruti. What kind of authority does a Vedic mantra carry when functioning as an empirical claim about physical cohesion?",
  "Madhusūdana uses the image of earth crumbling like a 'fistful of sand' without divine ojas. What is the experiential difference between living as if the world is self-sustaining versus living as if it is held moment-to-moment by the Lord?",
  "Rāmānuja reads the earth and its herbs as real modes of Bhagavān's body. Does this make environmental destruction a form of violence against the Lord's body — and does Viśiṣṭādvaita theology actually commit to that implication?",
  "All six schools agree that the 'I' who nourishes is Bhagavān, not a secondary agent. How does that unanimity on attribution sit alongside the sharp disagreement on whether that Bhagavān is personal, qualified-non-dual, or strictly non-dual?"
 ],
 "everyday_applications": {
  "advaita": "When you feel crushed under the weight of responsibilities you cannot discharge, recall Śaṅkara's ojas — the desireless (kāma-rāga-vivarjita) power that holds the earth without effort or anxiety. The load you carry is not truly yours; investigate who the carrier is.",
  "viśiṣṭādvaita": "Before each meal, recognise that the nourishment on your plate is the overflow of Bhagavān's apratihata-sāmarthya — his never-obstructed capacity — acting through earth and plant as his own body. Eating becomes a conscious participation in the Lord's self-sustaining care.",
  "dvaita": "In moments of exhaustion or helplessness, Madhva's frame offers not self-effort but surrender to Hari's absolute sovereignty: every cell in your body is upheld by him, not by your will. The appropriate response is not striving but grateful, dependent worship (bhajana).",
  "śuddhādvaita": "Vallabha's Soma is the flavour of life itself as Kṛṣṇa's delight. Practise finding in the taste of food, in the colour of a fruit, in the smell of rain-on-earth, not sensory data but Kṛṣṇa's rasa pressing outward into your experience.",
  "bhakti": "Śrīdhara's 'aham eva saṃvardhayāmi' — 'I alone cause to flourish' — reframes all growth, every recovery from illness, every harvest after drought, as Bhagavān's personal act of nurturing. Gratitude, then, is not sentiment but accuracy.",
  "advaita-bhakti": "Madhusūdana's earth-crumbling image is a contemplative exercise: for one minute, vividly imagine the ground beneath you without the divine ojas — it disintegrates. Then feel it cohere again. The stability you take for granted is moment-to-moment grace; walk accordingly."
 },
 "primary_meaning": "I enter the earth and hold all beings together by my power; becoming Soma, the essence of taste, I nourish every plant and herb."
}