{ "verse_id": "11.41", "mūla": { "devanāgarī": "सखेति मत्वा प्रसभं यद् उक्तं हे कृष्ण हे यादव हे सखेति | अजानता महिमानं तवेदं मया प्रमादात् प्रणयेन वापि", "iast": "sakheti matvā prasabhaṃ yad uktaṃ he kṛṣṇa he yādava he sakheti | ajānatā mahimānaṃ tavedaṃ mayā pramādāt praṇayena vāpi", "chapter_position": "Chapter 11 (Viśvarūpa-Darśana-Yoga (The Yoga of the Vision of the Universal Form)), verse 41", "speaker": "Krishna", "addressed_to": "Arjuna" }, "word_by_word": [ { "surface_form": "sakhā", "lemma": "sakhi", "grammar": "nominative masculine singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "सखा" }, { "surface_form": "iti", "lemma": "iti", "grammar": "", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "इति" }, { "surface_form": "matvā", "lemma": "man", "grammar": "conv", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "ज्ञात्वा विपरीतबुद्ध्या प्रसभम् अभिभूय प्रसह्य", "school": "advaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "shankara" ] }, { "sense": "हे कृष्ण", "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "ramanuja", "vedantadeshika" ] }, { "sense": "प्रसभं हठेन तिरस्कारेण यदुक्तं तत्क्षामये त्वामित्युत्तरेणान्वयः", "school": "bhakti", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "sridhara" ] }, { "sense": "प्रसभं,स्वोत्कर्षख्यापनरूपेणाभिभवेन यदुक्तं मया तदेवं विश्वरूपं", "school": "advaita-bhakti", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "madhusudan" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "मत्वा" }, { "surface_form": "prasabham", "lemma": "prasabham", "grammar": "", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "प्रसभम्" }, { "surface_form": "yat", "lemma": "yad", "grammar": "nominative neuter singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "यत्" }, { "surface_form": "uktam", "lemma": "√vac", "grammar": "nominative neuter singular participle noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "उक्तम्" }, { "surface_form": "he", "lemma": "he", "grammar": "", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "हे" }, { "surface_form": "kṛṣṇa", "lemma": "kṛṣṇa", "grammar": "vocative masculine singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "हे यादव", "school": "advaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "shankara" ] }, { "sense": "हे यादव", "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "ramanuja", "vedantadeshika" ] }, { "sense": ", हे यादव, हे सखेति। संधिरार्षः। प्रसभोक्तौ हेतुःतव महिमानमिदं च विश्वरूपमजानता मया प्रमादात्प्रणयेन स्नेहेनापि वा यदुक्", "school": "bhakti", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "sridhara" ] }, { "sense": "हे यादव", "school": "advaita-bhakti", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "madhusudan" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "कृष्ण" }, { "surface_form": "he", "lemma": "he", "grammar": "", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "हे" }, { "surface_form": "yādava", "lemma": "yādava", "grammar": "vocative masculine singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "हे सखेति", "school": "advaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "shankara" ] }, { "sense": "हे सखे इति त्वयि प्रसभं विनयापेतं यद् उक्तं", "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "ramanuja" ] }, { "sense": "हे सखेति तत्क्षामये त्वामित्यग्रिमेणान्वयः", "school": "śuddhādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "vallabha" ] }, { "sense": ", हे सखेति। संधिरार्षः। प्रसभोक्तौ हेतुःतव महिमानमिदं च विश्वरूपमजानता मया प्रमादात्प्रणयेन स्नेहेनापि वा यदुक्तमिति।", "school": "bhakti", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "sridhara" ] }, { "sense": "हे सखे इति", "school": "advaita-bhakti", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "madhusudan" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "यादव" }, { "surface_form": "he", "lemma": "he", "grammar": "", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "हे" }, { "surface_form": "sakhā", "lemma": "sakhi", "grammar": "nominative masculine singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "सखा" }, { "surface_form": "iti", "lemma": "iti", "grammar": "", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "इति" }, { "surface_form": "a", "lemma": "a", "grammar": "", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "अ" }, { "surface_form": "jānatā", "lemma": "√jñā", "grammar": "instrumental masculine singular present participle verb", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "जानता" }, { "surface_form": "mahimānam", "lemma": "mahiman", "grammar": "accusative masculine singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "महिमानम्" }, { "surface_form": "tava", "lemma": "tvad", "grammar": "genitive singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "तव" }, { "surface_form": "idam", "lemma": "idam", "grammar": "nominative neuter singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "इदम्" }, { "surface_form": "mayā", "lemma": "mad", "grammar": "instrumental singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "मया" }, { "surface_form": "pramādāt", "lemma": "pramāda", "grammar": "ablative masculine singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "विक्षिप्तचित्ततया, प्रणयेन वापि, प्रणयो नाम स्नेहनिमित्तः विस्रम्भः, तेनापि कारणेन", "school": "advaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "shankara" ] }, { "sense": "मोहात् प्रणयेन चिरपरिचयेन वा सखा इतिमम वयस्यः इति मत्वा", "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "ramanuja" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "प्रमादात्" }, { "surface_form": "praṇayena", "lemma": "praṇaya", "grammar": "instrumental masculine singular noun", "senses_attested_in_panel": [ { "sense": "वापि, प्रणयो नाम स्नेहनिमित्तः विस्रम्भः, तेनापि कारणेन", "school": "advaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "shankara" ] }, { "sense": "चिरपरिचयेन वा सखा इतिमम वयस्यः इति मत्वा", "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita", "weight": 0.8, "witnesses": [ "ramanuja" ] } ], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "प्रणयेन" }, { "surface_form": "vā", "lemma": "vā", "grammar": "", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "वा" }, { "surface_form": "api", "lemma": "api", "grammar": "", "senses_attested_in_panel": [], "theme_lists": [], "surface_devanagari": "अपि" } ], "intertextual_panel": [ { "verse": "11.42", "type": "next-verse continuation", "score": 0.9155, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8155, "theme_graph": 7.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 7.5421, "stem_prefix": 3.0 } }, { "verse": "11.35", "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel", "score": 0.8927, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8427, "theme_graph": 1.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 9.9378, "stem_prefix": 4.0 } }, { "verse": "6.34", "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel", "score": 0.8915, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8515, "theme_graph": 1.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 6.44, "stem_prefix": 3.0 } }, { "verse": "18.78", "type": "long-distance thematic echo", "score": 0.8877, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8377, "theme_graph": 1.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 3.4099, "stem_prefix": 4.0 } }, { "verse": "5.1", "type": "long-distance thematic echo", "score": 0.8839, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8439, "theme_graph": 1.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 7.4287, "stem_prefix": 3.0 } }, { "verse": "8.23", "type": "shared-vocabulary echo", "score": 0.8837, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8337, "theme_graph": 0.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 7.0814, "stem_prefix": 5.0 } }, { "verse": "1.28", "type": "long-distance thematic echo", "score": 0.8832, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8432, "theme_graph": 1.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 10.3543, "stem_prefix": 3.0 } }, { "verse": "17.1", "type": "long-distance thematic echo", "score": 0.8823, "feature_breakdown": { "cosine": 0.8323, "theme_graph": 1.0, "vocative": 0.0, "substring": 0.0, "lemma_overlap": 9.7894, "stem_prefix": 4.0 } } ], "doctrinal_projections": { "advaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "shankara_11.41", "anandgiri_11.41" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Treating You as a mere equal in age (samāna-vayaska), my mind clouded by inverted cognition (viparīta-buddhi), I addressed You with presumptuous familiarity — 'O Kṛṣṇa, O Yādava, O friend' — utterly ignorant (ajānata) of this majesty (mahimā), this universal form (viśvarūpa) that is the sovereignty of Īśvara. Whether through mental distraction (pramāda, wandering of citta) or through the confidence born of affection (prāṇaya, the ease that intimacy breeds), the words were spoken from the same root error: the false superimposition of ordinary human category onto the unchanging substratum of Brahman.", "divergence_note": "Śaṅkara: 'sakhā samānavayāḥ iti matvā viparītabuddhyā ... mahimānaṃ māhātmyaṃ tava idam īśvarasya viśvarūpam ... pramādāt vikṣiptacittatayā; praṇayena viśrambhaḥ'" }, "viśiṣṭādvaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "ramanuja_11.41", "vedantadeshika_11.41" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Your mahimā — infinite power (ananta-vīrya), measureless valour (amita-vikrama), inner-self-of-all (sarvāntarātmatva), and creatorship (sraṣṭṛtva) — this entire constellation of divine qualities I failed to perceive, and so, mistaking You for a mere companion (vayasya) through long familiarity (cira-paricaya), I called out 'O Kṛṣṇa, O Yādava, O friend' with disrespect (vinayāpeta). In play, on the bed, at table, in private and in public, You who deserve only reverential service (satkāra) were dishonoured by me; all of that, O immeasurable one (aprameyam), I now beg You to forgive.", "divergence_note": "Rāmānuja: 'anantavīryatvāmitavikramatvasarvāntarātmatvasraṣṭṛtvādiko yo mahimā ... ciraparicayena vā sakhā iti matvā ... satkārārhaḥ tvam asatkṛtaḥ asi ... tatsarvaṃ tvām aprameyam ahaṃ kṣāmaye'" }, "dvaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "madhva_11.41", "jayatirtha_11.41" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Arjuna confesses: addressing the Lord as *sakhā* (friend) — calling out *he kṛṣṇa*, *he yādava*, *he sakhe* — was spoken *prasabham* (with presumptuous familiarity), driven by *pramāda* (heedlessness) or *praṇaya* (affectionate ease), and in *ajānatā* (ignorance) of *tava mahimā* (Your greatness). In *dvaita* reading, this confession registers the *pañca-bheda* (the five-fold real distinction) at its sharpest: the *paratantra* *jīva*, however intimate with the Lord in devotional life, remains categorically other than the *svatantra* Hari. *Praṇaya* does not dissolve *bheda*; it presupposes it — one can presume upon a friend only where two genuinely distinct persons stand. The very need for *kṣamā* (forgiveness) confirms what the vision has forced Arjuna to see: *bhakti* as ontological subordination is not a pious overlay but the constitutive fact of the *jīva*'s being. Casual address was possible precisely because *taratamya* (the graded hierarchy of being) had been momentarily veiled; the Viśvarūpa tore that veil away.", "divergence_note": "No Madhva or Jayatīrtha bhāṣya extant for 11.41; rendering voiced from dvaita siddhānta primitives — pañca-bheda, paratantra jīva, taratamya — applied directly to the mūla.", "provenance": "siddhānta_reconstruction" }, "śuddhādvaita": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "vallabha_11.41" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Having beheld that supreme, incomparable majesty (alaukika-māhātmya-śrī) — the akṣara-aiśvarya and all transcendent qualities — Arjuna now asks forgiveness: whatever I addressed with 'O Yādava, O friend,' not knowing (ajānata) this extraordinary glory (atilaukika-mahimā) of Yours, that I beg You to pardon. In the Puṣṭi-mārga reading, this moment is itself a gift of Kṛṣṇa's grace (prasāda) — the bewilderment, the wrong address, and the kṣamāpana are all folds within His own līlā, and Arjuna's contrition deepens his eligibility (adhikāra) for the sweetness (mādhurya) that will be restored when Kṛṣṇa resumes the gentle sakhā form.", "divergence_note": "Vallabha: 'akṣaraiśvaryādiguna-mahimānaṃ paramaṃ taṃ dṛṣṭvā kṣamāpayati ... tava mahimānaṃ alaukikamāhātmyaśriyaṃ atiśayenājānatā mayā yaduktaṃ ... tatkṣāmaye tvām'" }, "bhakti": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "sridhara_11.41" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Śrīdhara introduces this as a pair of verses (dvābhyām) in which Arjuna seeks to propitiate the Lord (bhagavantaṃ kṣamāpayati): treating You as an ordinary person (prākṛtaḥ sakhā iti matvā), I addressed You with brazen disregard (prasabham, haṭhena, tiraskāreṇa), and the cause of that transgression was twofold — either inattention (pramāda) or affectionate ease (prāṇaya, sneha). The words 'O Kṛṣṇa, O Yādava, O friend' — the sandhi here is āṛṣa (Vedic licence) — were addressed without knowledge of this universal form (viśvarūpa) that constitutes Your mahimā; for that, I seek Your pardon.", "divergence_note": "Śrīdhara: 'tvāṃ prākṛtaḥ sakheti matvā prasabhaṃ haṭhena tiraskāreṇa yaduktaṃ ... tava mahimānam idaṃ ca viśvarūpam ajānatā mayā pramādāt praṇayena snehena api vā'" }, "advaita-bhakti": { "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)", "key_cross_references": [], "witness_passages": [ "madhusudan_11.41" ], "score": 0.5, "english_rendering": "Because I did not know Your majesty (tvān-māhātmya-aparijñāna), I offended ceaselessly; now, prostrating before You who are supremely compassionate (paramakāruṇika), I cause You to grant forgiveness of those offences (aparādha-kṣamā). Believing You my equal (samānavaya), I spoke with the pride of self-aggrandizement (svotkarṣa-khyāpana-rūpeṇa-abhibhavena) — 'O Kṛṣṇa, O Yādava, O friend' — ignorant of this mahimā, this excess of sovereignty (aiśvarya-atiśaya), this universal-form-natured glory (viśvarūpātmaka-mahimā). Madhusūdana holds both poles: the non-dual ground (advaita) means Arjuna's ignorance is avidyā superimposing limitation onto the limitless, while the bhakti register means that even this contrition is an act of devotion that draws the devotee nearer to Kṛṣṇa.", "divergence_note": "Madhusūdana: 'tvān-māhātmyāparijñānādaparādhānajasramaākārṣaṃ ... paramakāruṇikaṃ tvāṃ praṇamyāparādhakṣamāṃ kārayāmīti ... svotkarṣakhyāpanarūpeṇābhibhavena yaduktaṃ ... aiśvaryātiśayam ajānatā'" } }, "prosodic_information": { "meter": "triṣṭubh", "meter_shift_from_previous": false, "meter_shift_to_next": true, "pragmatic_context": { "vocative": "", "preceding_question": "", "following_response": "" } }, "theme_list_memberships": [ { "list": "कृष्ण", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "1.1", "1.28", "1.29", "1.30", "1.32", "1.41", "5.1", "6.34", "6.37", "6.39", "8.25", "8.26", "11.35", "17.1", "18.75", "18.78" ] }, { "list": "प्रणयेन", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "11.44" ] }, { "list": "प्रमादात्", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "11.44" ] }, { "list": "भगवान्को", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "11.42" ] }, { "list": "मत्वा", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "3.28", "10.8", "13.15" ] }, { "list": "हे कृष्ण", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "11.42" ] }, { "list": "हे यादव", "role": "supporting", "other_verses_in_list": [ "11.42" ] } ], "audit_trail": { "substrate_version": "v2.6-frozen", "fitted_weights": { "a": 1.0, "b": 0.01, "e_v": 0.005, "z": 0.2, "h": 0.0, "th": 0.01 }, "corpus_provenance": { "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness", "panel_witnesses": [ "bg-mula", "bg-shankara", "bg-ramanuja", "bg-madhva", "bg-vedantadeshika", "bg-vallabha", "bg-jayatirtha", "bg-anandgiri", "bg-sridhara", "bg-madhusudan" ] }, "extraction_date": "2026-04-21", "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B", "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)", "post_generation_repairs": [ { "date": "2026-05-03", "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (broader heuristic: prefix-√root canonical for all verb-tagged tokens)", "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma", "loci": [ "uktam: vac -> √vac", "jānatā: jñā -> √jñā" ] }, { "kind": "qmark_artifact_repair", "applied_at": "2026-05-08T01:56:14.854048Z", "applied_by": "summon-web/scripts/repair_qmark_artifacts.py", "n_senses_repaired": 4, "substitution": "? -> ,", "root_cause": "ITRANS '\\,' (literal-comma escape) in sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx corrupted to '?' during upstream HTML pipeline at gitasupersite; propagated through h_c_panel/commentaries/bg_*.jsonl into substrate.", "verification_source": "sonos-paper/samvad_db/sources/sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx" } ] }, "so_what_questions": [ "When intimacy with someone extraordinary gradually blinds you to their depth — and you catch yourself treating genius, holiness, or greatness as ordinary — what is the right internal response: shame, gratitude for the closeness, or both?", "Arjuna's error had two causes: pramāda (distraction, scattered attention) and prāṇaya (affectionate familiarity). Which of these is the harder to guard against, and why might the tradition treat them as equally legitimate excuses?", "The six schools agree that ignorance of mahimā drove the transgression, yet they disagree sharply on what mahimā itself consists in (impersonal Brahman-sovereignty vs. Bhagavān's infinite qualities vs. eternal lord-servant distinction). What hangs on which view you hold?", "Arjuna names Kṛṣṇa, Yādava, and Sakhā — three registers of identity (cosmic name, clan name, relational title). What does the order of these three reveal about how Arjuna constructed his friendship with Kṛṣṇa before the vision?", "Vallabha reads this moment as itself a fold of Kṛṣṇa's līlā — even the wrong address was grace-enabled. Does that framing release Arjuna from moral responsibility, or does it deepen it?", "The kṣamāpana (seeking of forgiveness) follows immediately after the viśvarūpa vision. Does the vision produce knowledge that makes forgiveness meaningful, or does Arjuna's inability to sustain the vision suggest the knowledge is still incomplete?", "Madhusūdana positions contrition itself as a devotional act (bhakti) that draws one nearer to Kṛṣṇa. Does this risk turning every spiritual failing into a spiritual merit, and how would Śaṅkara or Madhva answer that concern?" ], "everyday_applications": { "advaita": "When you discover that a mentor, teacher, or elder you addressed casually has a depth you had entirely missed, Śaṅkara's insight is: the error was a cognitive one — viparīta-buddhi, inverted perception. The corrective is not performative apology but a shift in the quality of attention: stop superimposing the familiar category and simply look again, without the filter of what you think you already know.", "viśiṣṭādvaita": "Rāmānuja's application is relational and comprehensive: name every specific disrespect — at the table, in conversation, in private — and seek forgiveness for each, because true kainkarya (devoted service) requires an honest inventory of where you failed to honour the person's full qualities. In a team or family setting, this is the discipline of specific acknowledgment rather than vague 'I'm sorry if I offended you.'", "dvaita": "Madhva's frame (even where his text is absent) teaches that no degree of intimacy erases the asymmetry between the one who knows and the one who is learning. In a professional context: familiarity with a domain expert does not license treating their expertise as ordinary; the paratantra posture — dependent, attentive, correctly subordinate — is what makes genuine collaboration possible.", "śuddhādvaita": "Vallabha's reading invites you to see even your mistakes within a larger graceful process. When you realise you have taken someone's extraordinary gift for granted, the puṣṭi-mārga response is not self-flagellation but a return to wonder: let the renewed perception of their quality become the bhakti. The error, properly received, becomes the opening.", "bhakti": "Śrīdhara's philological precision surfaces a practical lesson: distinguish pramāda (the distraction that makes you careless) from prāṇaya (the affection that makes you too comfortable). The first calls for structural correction — create conditions where attention is protected. The second calls for a recalibration of intimacy: closeness should deepen reverence, not replace it.", "advaita-bhakti": "Madhusūdana's synthesis applies to any relationship where you must simultaneously hold two registers — peer and student, friend and disciple, colleague and someone far ahead of you. The advaita layer says: recognise that the greatness you overlooked was always there; the bhakti layer says: let the recognition become a prostration that actually moves you. The test is whether your contrition changes your behaviour or merely satisfies your conscience." }, "primary_meaning": "Not knowing your true greatness, I called out to you as \"Krishna, Yadava, friend\" with careless familiarity, whether from distraction or the ease of affection." }