{
 "verse_id": "10.15",
 "mūla": {
  "devanāgarī": "स्वयम् एवात्मनात्मानं वेत्थ त्वं पुरुषोत्तम | भूत-भावन भूतेश देव-देव जगत्पते",
  "iast": "svayam evātmanātmānaṃ vettha tvaṃ puruṣottama | bhūta-bhāvana bhūteśa deva-deva jagatpate",
  "chapter_position": "Chapter 10 (Vibhūti-Yoga (The Yoga of Divine Manifestations)), verse 15",
  "speaker": "Krishna",
  "addressed_to": "Arjuna"
 },
 "word_by_word": [
  {
   "surface_form": "svayam",
   "lemma": "svayam",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "एव स्वेन",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "स्वयम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "eva",
   "lemma": "eva",
   "grammar": "",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "एव"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "ātmanā",
   "lemma": "ātman",
   "grammar": "instrumental masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "आत्मना"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "ātmānam",
   "lemma": "ātman",
   "grammar": "accusative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "आत्मानम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "vettha",
   "lemma": "√vid",
   "grammar": "past indicative 2nd person singular verb",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "जानासि त्वं निरतिशयज्ञानैश्वर्यबलादिशक्तिमन्तम् ईश्वरं पुरुषोत्तम",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "। भूतभावन सर्वेषां भूतानाम् उत्पादयितः, भूतेश सर्वेषां भूतानां नियन्तः, देवदेव दैवतानाम् अपि परमदैवत, यथा मनुष्यमृगपक्षि",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja",
      "vedantadeshika"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "जानासि नान्यः तदप्यात्मना स्वेनैव वेत्थ न साधनान्तरेण",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "जानासि नान्यः कश्चित्",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "वेत्थ"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "tvam",
   "lemma": "tvad",
   "grammar": "nominative singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "त्वम्"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "puruṣottama",
   "lemma": "puruṣottama",
   "grammar": "vocative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "। भूतानि भावयतीति भूतभावनः, हे भूतभावन। भूतेश भूतानाम् ईशितः। हे देवदेव जगत्पते ।।",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "आत्मना आत्मानं त्वं स्वयम्",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "। पुरुषोत्तमत्वे हेतुगर्भाणि संबोधनानि। हे भूतभावन भूतोत्पादक भूतानामीश नियन्तः, देवानामादित्यादीनां देव प्रकाशक, जगत्पत",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": ", त्वदपेक्षया सर्वेऽपि पुरुषा अपकृष्टा एव",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "पुरुषोत्तम"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "bhūta",
   "lemma": "bhūta",
   "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "भूत"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "bhāvana",
   "lemma": "bhāvana",
   "grammar": "vocative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "भावन"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "bhūteśa",
   "lemma": "bhūteśa",
   "grammar": "vocative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "भूतानाम् ईशितः",
     "school": "advaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "shankara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "सर्वेषां भूतानां नियन्तः, देवदेव दैवतानाम्",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "सर्वभूतनियन्तः",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "भूतेश"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "deva",
   "lemma": "deva",
   "grammar": "compound (compound member)",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "देव"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "deva",
   "lemma": "deva",
   "grammar": "vocative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "देव"
  },
  {
   "surface_form": "jagatpate",
   "lemma": "jagatpati",
   "grammar": "vocative masculine singular noun",
   "senses_attested_in_panel": [
    {
     "sense": "जगत्स्वामिन्",
     "school": "viśiṣṭādvaita",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "ramanuja"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "विश्वपालक",
     "school": "bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "sridhara"
     ]
    },
    {
     "sense": "हिताहितोपदेशकवेदप्रणेतृत्वेन सर्वस्य जगतः पालयितः",
     "school": "advaita-bhakti",
     "weight": 0.8,
     "witnesses": [
      "madhusudan"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "theme_lists": [],
   "surface_devanagari": "जगत्पते"
  }
 ],
 "intertextual_panel": [
  {
   "verse": "11.3",
   "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel",
   "score": 0.9249,
   "feature_breakdown": {
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   "verse": "11.18",
   "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel",
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   "feature_breakdown": {
    "cosine": 0.8433,
    "theme_graph": 1.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
    "substring": 0.0,
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   }
  },
  {
   "verse": "7.5",
   "type": "shared-vocabulary echo",
   "score": 0.8965,
   "feature_breakdown": {
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  {
   "verse": "11.38",
   "type": "cross-chapter thematic parallel",
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    "theme_graph": 1.0,
    "vocative": 0.0,
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  {
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   "verse": "6.6",
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 ],
 "doctrinal_projections": {
  "advaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "shankara_10.15",
    "anandgiri_10.15"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "You alone, O Puruṣottama (supreme among persons), know yourself by yourself — knowing the Lord endowed with unsurpassed knowledge, sovereignty, and all other powers (niratiśaya-jñāna-aiśvarya-bala-ādi-śaktimat). No other being can comprehend you from outside, for the object and instrument of this knowing are identical. The epithets — Bhūtabhāvana (cause of all beings), Bhūteśa (ruler of all beings), Devadeva (god of gods), Jagatpate (lord of the universe) — are not ornamental; they specify the dimensions of what cannot be known except by the knower himself.",
   "divergence_note": "Śaṅkara: 'svayam eva ātmanā ātmānaṃ vettha jānāsi tvaṃ niratiśaya-jñāna-aiśvarya-bala-ādi-śaktimat īśvaraṃ Puruṣottama' — the self-reflexive structure of the verse is the doctrine: Brahman as subject and object of its own knowledge, inaccessible from without."
  },
  "viśiṣṭādvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "ramanuja_10.15",
    "vedantadeshika_10.15"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "O Puruṣottama, you know yourself by your own knowledge (svena eva jñānena) — the epithets expanding the content of that self-knowledge outward: Bhūtabhāvana (originator of all beings), Bhūteśa (regulator of all), Devadeva (supreme divinity even above the devas who already surpass humans and animals in auspicious qualities). Just as devas surpass humans in beauty and excellence (saundarya-sauśīlya-ādi-kalyāṇa-guṇa-gaṇa), you surpass all devas in those same qualities without limit — O Jagatpate, master of the universe.",
   "divergence_note": "Rāmānuja's explicit comparison: 'yathā manuṣya-mṛga-pakṣi-sarīsṛpādīn saundarya-sauśīlya-ādi-kalyāṇa-guṇa-gaṇaiḥ daivatāni atītya vartante tathā tāni sarvāṇi daivatāni api taiḥ taiḥ guṇaiḥ atītya vartamāna' — a graduated hierarchy of auspicious qualities, Bhagavān at the apex."
  },
  "dvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "madhva_10.15",
    "jayatirtha_10.15"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "The verse's epithets converge on the identity of Pūrṇa Brahman (paripūrṇam): you are called supreme because you are bṛhat (vast, from √bṛh, to grow), the one who causes growth — as affirmed by śruti ('bṛhad bṛhatyā bṛṃhayati'). Your being 'vibhu' (all-pervasive) is grounded in the Vāruṇa-śākhā testimony ('vibhu prabhu prathamaṃ mehanāvataḥ'). Self-knowledge here is Hari's own infinite cognition, entirely inaccessible to jīvas who are eternally and essentially distinct.",
   "divergence_note": "Madhva pivots from the verse epithets to Vedic śruti proof-texts (Taittirīya, Ṛgveda Vāruṇa-śākhā, Mahābhārata 13.149.9) establishing Brahman's fullness, pervasiveness, and causation — confirming the epithets by independent scriptural testimony."
  },
  "śuddhādvaita": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "vallabha_10.15"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "You know yourself by yourself alone — not through any other means or instrument (na sādhanāntareṇa). The knowing and the known are identical with your own svarūpa (essential nature), requiring no external sādhana. This is the fullness of Kṛṣṇa's svayaṃ-prakāśa (self-luminosity): the bhakta who approaches through Puṣṭi-mārga's grace does not manufacture this knowing but is drawn into its light as prasāda.",
   "divergence_note": "Vallabha is concise: 'svayam eva vettha iti tad apy ātmanā, na sādhanāntareṇa' — the emphasis on ātmanā (by himself alone) ruling out all external instruments is the doctrinal pivot; self-knowledge here is svarūpa-jñāna, not acquired cognition."
  },
  "bhakti": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "sridhara_10.15"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "You alone know yourself by yourself — no other knows you, and even that knowing is by your own power alone (svenaiva vettha), not by any external means (na sādhanāntareṇa). Arjuna's repeated and reverent addresses are not decorative: Puruṣottama (supreme person), Bhūtabhāvana (origin of all beings), Bhūteśa (regulator of beings), Devadeva (illuminator of the devas as the sun illuminates), Jagatpate (sustainer of the universe) — these are hetu-garbha (reason-carrying) epithets, each containing the warrant for why Kṛṣṇa alone can be known only by himself.",
   "divergence_note": "Śrīdhara: 'atyādareṇa bahudhā saṃbodhayati… puruṣottamatve hetu-garbhāṇi saṃbodhanāni' — the epithets are logically laden, not merely affectionate; 'devānām ādityādīnāṃ deva prakāśaka' glosses Devadeva as the illuminator of illuminators."
  },
  "advaita-bhakti": {
   "reading_summary": "(reading summary extraction pending; ENABLE_READING_SUMMARIES=true to generate)",
   "key_cross_references": [],
   "witness_passages": [
    "madhusudan_10.15"
   ],
   "score": 0.5,
   "english_rendering": "Because you are the origin of all and impossible to know for others, you alone know yourself — both your nirūpādhika (unconditioned) aspect as the inner witness beyond objectification, and your sopādhika (conditioned) aspect endowed with unsurpassed knowledge and sovereignty. Madhusūdana's escalating quartet of addresses reveals a theological architecture: Bhūtabhāvana (father of all) → Bhūteśa (regulator) → Devadeva (object of worship even for all worshipped beings) → Jagatpate (sustainer through Veda-promulgation) — each step answering a residual insufficiency in the previous relationship, culminating in the recognition that you are simultaneously father, teacher, king, and the one worthy of worship by all.",
   "divergence_note": "Madhusūdana: 'pitā api kaścin neṣṭas tatrāha heBhūteśa… niyantā api kaścin nārādhyas tatrāha he Devadeva… ārādhyo api kaścin na pālayitṛtvena patis tatrāha he Jagatpate' — the four epithets form a dialectical ascent, each negating the insufficiency of the prior category."
  }
 },
 "prosodic_information": {
  "meter": "anuṣṭubh",
  "meter_shift_from_previous": false,
  "meter_shift_to_next": false,
  "pragmatic_context": {
   "vocative": "",
   "preceding_question": "",
   "following_response": ""
  }
 },
 "theme_list_memberships": [
  {
   "list": "देवदेव",
   "role": "supporting",
   "other_verses_in_list": [
    "11.13"
   ]
  },
  {
   "list": "पुरुष",
   "role": "supporting",
   "other_verses_in_list": [
    "1.1",
    "2.15",
    "2.16",
    "2.21",
    "2.60",
    "7.11",
    "8.1",
    "8.4",
    "8.8",
    "8.10",
    "8.22",
    "9.3",
    "10.12",
    "11.3",
    "11.18",
    "11.38",
    "13.19",
    "13.20",
    "13.21",
    "13.22",
    "13.23",
    "15.4",
    "15.16",
    "15.17",
    "15.18",
    "15.19",
    "17.3",
    "18.4"
   ]
  },
  {
   "list": "पुरुषोत्तम",
   "role": "supporting",
   "other_verses_in_list": [
    "3.3",
    "8.1",
    "11.3",
    "15.18",
    "15.19"
   ]
  },
  {
   "list": "स्वयम्",
   "role": "supporting",
   "other_verses_in_list": [
    "4.38",
    "12.8",
    "18.75"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "audit_trail": {
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  },
  "corpus_provenance": {
   "mūla": "Belvalkar critical edition (BORI 1947), via Ambuda multi-witness",
   "panel_witnesses": [
    "bg-mula",
    "bg-shankara",
    "bg-ramanuja",
    "bg-madhva",
    "bg-vedantadeshika",
    "bg-vallabha",
    "bg-jayatirtha",
    "bg-anandgiri",
    "bg-sridhara",
    "bg-madhusudan"
   ]
  },
  "extraction_date": "2026-04-21",
  "score_methodology_documented_at": "Paper 1, Section II.B",
  "word_by_word_parser": "ByT5-Sanskrit-multitask (Nehrdich/Hellwig/Keutzer EMNLP 2024)",
  "post_generation_repairs": [
   {
    "date": "2026-05-03",
    "fix": "verb-lemma-misidentification (broader heuristic: prefix-√root canonical for all verb-tagged tokens)",
    "scope": "word_by_word[].lemma",
    "loci": [
     "vettha: vid -> √vid"
    ]
   },
   {
    "kind": "qmark_artifact_repair",
    "applied_at": "2026-05-08T01:56:14.799182Z",
    "applied_by": "summon-web/scripts/repair_qmark_artifacts.py",
    "n_senses_repaired": 5,
    "substitution": "? -> ,",
    "root_cause": "ITRANS '\\,' (literal-comma escape) in sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx corrupted to '?' during upstream HTML pipeline at gitasupersite; propagated through h_c_panel/commentaries/bg_*.jsonl into substrate.",
    "verification_source": "sonos-paper/samvad_db/sources/sd_bgshankarabhashya.itx"
   }
  ]
 },
 "so_what_questions": [
  "If Kṛṣṇa can only be known by himself (svayam ātmanā), what does this imply about the epistemic status of all theological claims about him — are commentators describing or pointing?",
  "The five epithets move from cosmogony (Bhūtabhāvana) through governance (Bhūteśa, Jagatpate) to transcendence (Devadeva, Puruṣottama) — does this sequence encode a complete metaphysical schema, or is the order arbitrary praise?",
  "Madhusūdana reads each epithet as answering the insufficiency of the previous one (father → regulator → highest object of worship → sustainer); does this dialectical reading change how one relates to Kṛṣṇa as each of those roles?",
  "If no other being knows the Lord except the Lord himself (Advaita: because knower and known are non-dual; Dvaita: because jīvas are categorically limited), what is the function of this verse in a text addressed to a human student?",
  "Rāmānuja's hierarchy moves from humans through animals to devas to Bhagavān via escalating auspicious qualities (kalyāṇa-guṇa) — does this imply that the devotee's own cultivation of those qualities brings them into closer epistemic proximity to Bhagavān?",
  "Vallabha's single doctrinal move — na sādhanāntareṇa (not by any external means) — places the impossibility of knowing Kṛṣṇa at the center; how does this reframe the entire Gītā as prasāda (gift) rather than sādhana (practice)?",
  "The verse is Arjuna speaking to Kṛṣṇa, not Kṛṣṇa speaking about himself — how does the location of this statement in Arjuna's mouth (10.12–18 as Arjuna's confession) change its theological weight compared to a self-declaration by Kṛṣṇa?"
 ],
 "everyday_applications": {
  "advaita": "When you study a discipline deeply enough to see from inside it rather than about it — the moment understanding is no longer information but recognition — you have touched the structure this verse names. The knower and the known are not two. Notice when learning shifts from accumulation to identity.",
  "viśiṣṭādvaita": "Excellence forms a real hierarchy: a craftsperson surpasses a novice in the same qualities the novice has in seed form. Recognize that your own best qualities are participations in a larger order of goodness, not self-generated achievements — and that recognizing the source intensifies rather than diminishes the qualities.",
  "dvaita": "There are things you cannot know about another person by observation alone — their inner life, their self-knowledge, the depth of their experience. Madhva's reading teaches epistemic humility: stop at the limit of what you can actually know, and let the other be other. Worship (sevā) is the right response to irreducible otherness.",
  "śuddhādvaita": "You cannot manufacture certain kinds of understanding by technique. Some knowing comes only when it is given — through relationship, through grace, through encounter. Vallabha's na sādhanāntareṇa (not by any external means) is the invitation to stop efforting toward what must be received, and to make yourself available instead.",
  "bhakti": "Śrīdhara's hetu-garbha (reason-carrying) addresses suggest that real appreciation of someone — a mentor, a parent, a teacher — requires articulating why they deserve that regard. The five epithets are not flattery but discernment. Practice naming specifically what makes someone worthy of your trust, rather than giving undifferentiated admiration.",
  "advaita-bhakti": "Madhusūdana's escalating quartet — father, regulator, highest object of worship, sustainer — maps every role by which we depend on another. When you examine a deep relationship, ask: is this person merely a source of comfort (father-function), or also a guide for your action (regulator-function), or someone whose excellence you revere beyond personal benefit (worship-function)? The relationship deepens as you discover each new dimension."
 },
 "primary_meaning": "You alone know yourself by yourself, O source and lord of all beings, god of gods, master of the universe."
}